Python爬虫实现豆瓣模拟登录及验证码处理实战

程一诺

发布时间：2026-10-12| 3人浏览过

原创

本文详解如何利用Python和Scrapy框架实现豆瓣网站的模拟登录。重点解析如何获取Post地址与Formdata，并结合若快打码平台自动处理验证码图片。通过完整代码示例，展示从发起请求、解析验证码到验证登录成功状态的完整流程，为后续数据抓取奠定基础。

思路

一、实现豆瓣登录的关键点

首先需要分析真实的Post请求地址，并提取其中的formdata参数。具体操作可通过浏览器开发者工具（F12）查看网络请求来获取，参考下图所示结构。

实战操作步骤

本案例旨在实现豆瓣网站的模拟登录，并通过处理验证码最终跳转至个人主页来验证登录是否成功。
本次实战主要聚焦于模拟登录机制及验证码处理的学习，并未涉及具体数据抓取。若后续有数据抓取需求，只需在登录成功后编写相应的解析规则即可提取目标内容。

登录成功后的界面展示如下图所示：

在spiders文件夹下的DouBan.py文件中，核心代码逻辑如下：

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import scrapy,urllib,re
from scrapy.http import Request,FormRequest
import ruokuai
'''
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'''
class DoubanSpider(scrapy.Spider):
 name = "DouBan"
 allowed_domains = ["douban.com"]
 #start_urls = ['http://douban.com/']
 header={"User-Agent":"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/56.0.2924.87 Safari/537.36"} #供登录模拟使用
 def start_requests(self):
  url='https://www.douban.com/accounts/login'
  return [Request(url=url,meta={"cookiejar":1},callback=self.parse)]#可以传递一个标示符来使用多个。如meta={'cookiejar': 1}这句，后面那个1就是标示符

 def parse(self, response):
  captcha=response.xpath('//*[@id="captcha_image"]/@src').extract() #获取验证码图片的链接
  print captcha
  if len(captcha)>0:
   '''此时有验证码'''
   #人工输入验证码
   #urllib.urlretrieve(captcha[0],filename="C:/Users/pujinxiao/Desktop/learn/douban20170405/douban/douban/spiders/captcha.png")
   #captcha_value=raw_input('查看captcha.png,有验证码请输入:')

   #用快若打码平台处理验证码--------验证码是任意长度字母，成功率较低
   captcha_value=ruokuai.get_captcha(captcha[0])
   reg=r'<Result>(.*?)</Result>'
   reg=re.compile(reg)
   captcha_value=re.findall(reg,captcha_value)[0]
   print '验证码为：',captcha_value

   data={
    "form_email": "weisuen007@163.com",
    "form_password": "weijc7789",
    "captcha-solution": captcha_value,
    #"redir": "https://www.douban.com/people/151968962/",  #设置需要转向的网址，由于我们需要爬取个人中心页，所以转向个人中心页
   }
  else:
   '''此时没有验证码'''
   print '无验证码'
   data={
    "form_email": "weisuen007@163.com",
    "form_password": "weijc7789",
    #"redir": "https://www.douban.com/people/151968962/",
   }
  print '正在登陆中......'
  ####FormRequest.from_response()进行登陆
  return [
   FormRequest.from_response(
    response,
    meta={"cookiejar":response.meta["cookiejar"]},
    headers=self.header,
    formdata=data,
    callback=self.get_content,
   )
  ]
 def get_content(self,response):
  title=response.xpath('//title/text()').extract()[0]
  if u'登录豆瓣' in title:
   print '登录失败，请重试！'
  else:
   print '登录成功'
   '''
   可以继续后续的爬取工作
   '''

ruokaui.py文件的实现代码如下：

本例选用若快打码平台进行验证码识别。通过调用其url接口，将验证码图片的链接地址发送至平台，平台返回识别后的验证码值。

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import sys, hashlib, os, random, urllib, urllib2
from datetime import *
'''
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'''
class APIClient(object):
 def http_request(self, url, paramDict):
  post_content = ''
  for key in paramDict:
   post_content = post_content + '%s=%s&'%(key,paramDict[key])
  post_content = post_content[0:-1]
  #print post_content
  req = urllib2.Request(url, data=post_content)
  req.add_header('Content-Type', 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded')
  opener = urllib2.build_opener(urllib2.HTTPCookieProcessor()) 
  response = opener.open(req, post_content) 
  return response.read()

 def http_upload_image(self, url, paramKeys, paramDict, filebytes):
  timestr = datetime.now().strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')
  boundary = '------------' + hashlib.md5(timestr).hexdigest().lower()
  boundarystr = '\r\n--%s\r\n'%(boundary)
  
  bs = b''
  for key in paramKeys:
   bs = bs + boundarystr.encode('ascii')
   param = "Content-Disposition: form-data; name=\"%s\"\r\n\r\n%s"%(key, paramDict[key])
   #print param
   bs = bs + param.encode('utf8')
  bs = bs + boundarystr.encode('ascii')
  
  header = 'Content-Disposition: form-data; name=\"image\"; filename=\"%s\"\r\nContent-Type: image/gif\r\n\r\n'%('sample')
  bs = bs + header.encode('utf8')
  
  bs = bs + filebytes
  tailer = '\r\n--%s--\r\n'%(boundary)
  bs = bs + tailer.encode('ascii')
  
  import requests
  headers = {'Content-Type':'multipart/form-data; boundary=%s'%boundary,
     'Connection':'Keep-Alive',
     'Expect':'100-continue',
     }
  response = requests.post(url, params='', data=bs, headers=headers)
  return response.text

def arguments_to_dict(args):
 argDict = {}
 if args is None:
  return argDict
 
 count = len(args)
 if count <= 1:
  print 'exit:need arguments.'
  return argDict
 
 for i in [1,count-1]:
  pair = args[i].split('=')
  if len(pair) < 2:
   continue
  else:
   argDict[pair[0]] = pair[1]

 return argDict

def get_captcha(image_url):
 client = APIClient()
 while 1:
  paramDict = {}
  result = ''
  act = raw_input('请输入打码方式url:')
  if cmp(act, 'info') == 0: 
   paramDict['username'] = raw_input('username:')
   paramDict['password'] = raw_input('password:')
   result = client.http_request('http://api.ruokuai.com/info.xml', paramDict)
  elif cmp(act, 'register') == 0:
   paramDict['username'] = raw_input('username:')
   paramDict['password'] = raw_input('password:')
   paramDict['email'] = raw_input('email:')
   result = client.http_request('http://api.ruokuai.com/register.xml', paramDict)
  elif cmp(act, 'recharge') == 0:
   paramDict['username'] = raw_input('username:')
   paramDict['id'] = raw_input('id:')
   paramDict['password'] = raw_input('password:')
   result = client.http_request('http://api.ruokuai.com/recharge.xml', paramDict)
  elif cmp(act, 'url') == 0:
   paramDict['username'] = '********'
   paramDict['password'] = '********'
   paramDict['typeid'] = '2000'
   paramDict['timeout'] = '90'
   paramDict['softid'] = '76693'
   paramDict['softkey'] = 'ec2b5b2a576840619bc885a47a025ef6'
   paramDict['imageurl'] = image_url
   result = client.http_request('http://api.ruokuai.com/create.xml', paramDict)
  elif cmp(act, 'report') == 0:
   paramDict['username'] = raw_input('username:')
   paramDict['password'] = raw_input('password:')
   paramDict['id'] = raw_input('id:')
   result = client.http_request('http://api.ruokuai.com/create.xml', paramDict)
  elif cmp(act, 'upload') == 0:
   paramDict['username'] = '********'
   paramDict['password'] = '********'
   paramDict['typeid'] = '2000'
   paramDict['timeout'] = '90'
   paramDict['softid'] = '76693'
   paramDict['softkey'] = 'ec2b5b2a576840619bc885a47a025ef6'
   paramKeys = ['username',
     'password',
     'typeid',
     'timeout',
     'softid',
     'softkey'
    ]

   from PIL import Image
   imagePath = raw_input('Image Path:')
   img = Image.open(imagePath)
   if img is None:
    print 'get file error!'
    continue
   img.save("upload.gif", format="gif")
   filebytes = open("upload.gif", "rb").read()
   result = client.http_upload_image("http://api.ruokuai.com/create.xml", paramKeys, paramDict, filebytes)
  
  elif cmp(act, 'help') == 0:
   print 'info'
   print 'register'
   print 'recharge'
   print 'url'
   print 'report'
   print 'upload'
   print 'help'
   print 'exit'
  elif cmp(act, 'exit') == 0:
   break
  
  return result

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