使用Pygame编写贪吃蛇游戏完整教程
发布时间：2026-10-15| 3人浏览过
本文详细介绍如何使用Pygame库在Python中从零开始制作一个贪吃蛇小游戏。内容涵盖游戏窗口创建、蛇身移动控制、碰撞检测、食物生成、得分显示及游戏结束处理等核心功能，提供完整代码示例与关键函数解析，帮助开发者快速掌握2D小游戏开发技巧。
用到的 Pygame 函数
贪吃蛇小游戏用到的函数
| 功能 | 描述 |
|---|---|
| init() | 初始化 pygame |
| display.set_mode() | 以元组或列表为参数创建窗口 |
| update() | 更新屏幕 |
| quit() | 用于取消初始化的 pygame |
| set_caption() | 在屏幕的顶部设置文字 |
| event.get() | 返回所有事件的列表 |
| Surface.fill() | 使用纯色填充屏幕 |
| time.Clock() | 追踪时间 |
| font.Font() | 设置字体 |
创建屏幕
我们调用 display.set_mode() 函数来初始化并创建 pygame 显示窗口。此外，必须在程序启动时调用 init() 进行初始化，并在程序结束时调用 quit() 进行清理，以确保游戏环境能正确加载和释放资源。
import pygame
pygame.init()
dis=pygame.display.set_mode((400,300))
pygame.display.update()
pygame.quit()
quit()
运行上述基础代码后，预期的界面效果如下所示：
然而，直接运行上述代码会导致窗口瞬间关闭。为保持窗口持续显示，我们需要引入游戏主循环逻辑。
import pygame
pygame.init()
dis=pygame.display.set_mode((400,300))
pygame.display.update()
pygame.display.set_caption('Snake game by Edureka')
game_over=False
while not game_over:
for event in pygame.event.get():
print(event) # 打印出所有事件
pygame.quit()
quit()
我们在代码中设置了游戏窗口的标题，并通过 Python 控制台实时打印出在 pygame 窗口中发生的所有交互事件，便于调试。
接下来，我们需要添加处理窗口关闭事件的逻辑代码。
pygame.init()
dis = pygame.display.set_mode((400, 300))
pygame.display.update()
pygame.display.set_caption('贪吃蛇')
game_over = False
while not game_over:
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type==pygame.QUIT:
game_over=True
pygame.quit()
quit()
完成上述配置后，游戏窗口即可正常显示并保持运行状态，随后我们可以开始绘制 snake 游戏元素。
创建 snake
首先定义一组颜色变量，分别用于表示 snake（蛇身）、food（食物）以及 screen （背景屏幕）的颜色属性。
pygame.init()
dis = pygame.display.set_mode((400, 300))
pygame.display.update()
pygame.display.set_caption('贪吃蛇')
blue=(0,0,255)
red=(255,0,0)
game_over = False
while not game_over:
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type==pygame.QUIT:
game_over=True
pygame.draw.rect(dis, blue, [200, 150, 10, 10])
pygame.display.update()
pygame.quit()
quit()
通过上述设置，贪吃蛇的主体部分（表现为屏幕上的小蓝点）便创建完成。
使 snake 动起来
为了实现 snake （蛇）的移动控制，我们需要监听 KEYDOWN 事件。该事件包含四个关键按键值：K_UP（向上）、K_DOWN（向下）、K_LEFT（向左）和 K_RIGHT（向右），分别对应不同的移动方向。
pygame.init()
pygame.display.set_caption('贪吃蛇')
white = (255, 255, 255)
black = (0, 0, 0)
red = (255, 0, 0)
dis = pygame.display.set_mode((800, 600))
game_over = False
x1 = 300
y1 = 300
x1_change = 0
y1_change = 0
clock = pygame.time.Clock()
while not game_over:
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
game_over = True
if event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
if event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:
x1_change = -10
y1_change = 0
elif event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:
x1_change = 10
y1_change = 0
elif event.key == pygame.K_UP:
y1_change = -10
x1_change = 0
elif event.key == pygame.K_DOWN:
y1_change = 10
x1_change = 0
x1 += x1_change
y1 += y1_change
dis.fill(white)
pygame.draw.rect(dis, black, [x1, y1, 10, 10])
pygame.display.update()
clock.tick(30)
pygame.quit()
quit()
在此步骤中，我们定义了 x1_change 和 y1_change 两个变量，用于动态更新蛇在 X 轴和 Y 轴上的坐标，从而实现蛇身的移动效果。
处理 Game Over
在贪吃蛇游戏中，如果 snake （蛇头）移动出预设的游戏屏幕边界，则判定游戏失败。接下来我们将实现这部分边界检测逻辑。
import pygame
import time
pygame.init()
pygame.display.set_caption('贪吃蛇')
white = (255, 255, 255)
black = (0, 0, 0)
red = (255, 0, 0)
dis_width = 600
dis_height = 400
dis = pygame.display.set_mode((dis_width, dis_width))
game_over = False
x1 = dis_width / 2
y1 = dis_height / 2
snake_block = 10
x1_change = 0
y1_change = 0
clock = pygame.time.Clock()
snake_speed = 30
font_style = pygame.font.Font("C:/Windows/Fonts/STFANGSO.TTF", 20)
def message(msg, color):
mesg = font_style.render(msg, True, color)
dis.blit(mesg, [dis_width / 2, dis_height / 2])
while not game_over:
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
game_over = True
if event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
if event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:
x1_change = -snake_block
y1_change = 0
elif event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:
x1_change = snake_block
y1_change = 0
elif event.key == pygame.K_UP:
y1_change = -snake_block
x1_change = 0
elif event.key == pygame.K_DOWN:
y1_change = snake_block
x1_change = 0
if x1 >= dis_width or x1 < 0 or y1 >= dis_height or y1 < 0:
game_over = True
x1 += x1_change
y1 += y1_change
dis.fill(white)
pygame.draw.rect(dis, black, [x1, y1, snake_block, snake_block])
pygame.display.update()
clock.tick(snake_speed)
message("你失败了，请重新开始游戏！", red)
pygame.display.update()
time.sleep(2)
pygame.quit()
quit()
增加食物
作为贪吃蛇游戏的核心玩法，必须包含食物投放机制。下面我们将实现食物的生成与处理逻辑。
import pygame
import time
import random
pygame.init()
pygame.display.set_caption('贪吃蛇')
white = (255, 255, 255)
black = (0, 0, 0)
red = (255, 0, 0)
blue = (0, 0, 255)
dis_width = 800
dis_height = 600
dis = pygame.display.set_mode((dis_width, dis_height))
clock = pygame.time.Clock()
snake_block = 10
snake_speed = 30
font_style = pygame.font.Font("C:/Windows/Fonts/STFANGSO.TTF", 20)
def message(msg, color):
mesg = font_style.render(msg, True, color)
dis.blit(mesg, [dis_width / 3, dis_height / 3])
def gameLoop(): # creating a function
game_over = False
game_close = False
x1 = dis_width / 2
y1 = dis_height / 2
x1_change = 0
y1_change = 0
foodx = round(random.randrange(0, dis_width - snake_block) / 10.0) * 10.0
foody = round(random.randrange(0, dis_width - snake_block) / 10.0) * 10.0
while not game_over:
while game_close == True:
dis.fill(white)
message("你失败了，请重新开始游戏！", red)
pygame.display.update()
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
if event.key == pygame.K_q:
game_over = True
game_close = False
if event.key == pygame.K_c:
gameLoop()
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
game_over = True
if event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
if event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:
x1_change = -snake_block
y1_change = 0
elif event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:
x1_change = snake_block
y1_change = 0
elif event.key == pygame.K_UP:
y1_change = -snake_block
x1_change = 0
elif event.key == pygame.K_DOWN:
y1_change = snake_block
x1_change = 0
if x1 >= dis_width or x1 < 0 or y1 >= dis_height or y1 < 0:
game_close = True
x1 += x1_change
y1 += y1_change
dis.fill(white)
pygame.draw.rect(dis, blue, [foodx, foody, snake_block, snake_block])
pygame.draw.rect(dis, black, [x1, y1, snake_block, snake_block])
pygame.display.update()
if x1 == foodx and y1 == foody:
print("Good!")
clock.tick(snake_speed)
pygame.quit()
quit()
gameLoop()
我们定义了一个名为 gameLoop 的主游戏循环函数，在其中初始化了蛇的食物位置，并增加了键盘监听逻辑：按下 'c' 键重新开始游戏，按下 'q' 键退出游戏。
snake 的成长
根据游戏基本规则，当 snake （蛇）吃到食物后，其长度应当增加。下面我们将实现这一增长逻辑。
import pygame
import time
import random
pygame.init()
pygame.display.set_caption('贪吃蛇')
font_style = pygame.font.Font("C:/Windows/Fonts/STFANGSO.TTF", 20)
score_font = pygame.font.Font("C:/Windows/Fonts/STCAIYUN.TTF", 30)
white = (255, 255, 255)
yellow = (255, 255, 102)
black = (0, 0, 0)
red = (213, 50, 80)
green = (0, 255, 0)
blue = (50, 153, 213)
dis_width = 600
dis_height = 400
dis = pygame.display.set_mode((dis_width, dis_height))
clock = pygame.time.Clock()
snake_block = 10
snake_speed = 15
def our_snake(snake_block, snake_list):
for x in snake_list:
pygame.draw.rect(dis, black, [x[0], x[1], snake_block, snake_block])
def message(msg, color):
mesg = font_style.render(msg, True, color)
dis.blit(mesg, [dis_width / 6, dis_height / 3])
def gameLoop():
game_over = False
game_close = False
x1 = dis_width / 2
y1 = dis_height / 2
x1_change = 0
y1_change = 0
snake_List = []
Length_of_snake = 1
foodx = round(random.randrange(0, dis_width - snake_block) / 10.0) * 10.0
foody = round(random.randrange(0, dis_height - snake_block) / 10.0) * 10.0
while not game_over:
while game_close == True:
dis.fill(blue)
message("你失败了，请重新开始游戏！", red)
pygame.display.update()
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
if event.key == pygame.K_q:
game_over = True
game_close = False
if event.key == pygame.K_c:
gameLoop()
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
game_over = True
if event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
if event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:
x1_change = -snake_block
y1_change = 0
elif event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:
x1_change = snake_block
y1_change = 0
elif event.key == pygame.K_UP:
y1_change = -snake_block
x1_change = 0
elif event.key == pygame.K_DOWN:
y1_change = snake_block
x1_change = 0
if x1 >= dis_width or x1 < 0 or y1 >= dis_height or y1 < 0:
game_close = True
x1 += x1_change
y1 += y1_change
dis.fill(blue)
pygame.draw.rect(dis, green, [foodx, foody, snake_block, snake_block])
snake_Head = []
snake_Head.append(x1)
snake_Head.append(y1)
snake_List.append(snake_Head)
if len(snake_List) > Length_of_snake:
del snake_List[0]
for x in snake_List[:-1]:
if x == snake_Head:
game_close = True
our_snake(snake_block, snake_List)
pygame.display.update()
if x1 == foodx and y1 == foody:
foodx = round(random.randrange(0, dis_width - snake_block) / 10.0) * 10.0
foody = round(random.randrange(0, dis_height - snake_block) / 10.0) * 10.0
Length_of_snake += 1
clock.tick(snake_speed)
pygame.quit()
quit()
gameLoop()
展示得分
最后，我们需要在界面上显示玩家的得分。对于任何游戏而言，得分系统是评估玩家表现的重要指标。
import pygame
import time
import random
pygame.init()
pygame.display.set_caption('贪吃蛇')
font_style = pygame.font.Font("C:/Windows/Fonts/STFANGSO.TTF", 20)
score_font = pygame.font.Font("C:/Windows/Fonts/STCAIYUN.TTF", 30)
white = (255, 255, 255)
yellow = (255, 255, 102)
black = (0, 0, 0)
red = (213, 50, 80)
green = (0, 255, 0)
blue = (50, 153, 213)
dis_width = 600
dis_height = 400
dis = pygame.display.set_mode((dis_width, dis_height))
clock = pygame.time.Clock()
snake_block = 10
snake_speed = 15
def Your_score(score):
value = score_font.render("Your Score: " + str(score), True, yellow)
dis.blit(value, [0, 0])
def our_snake(snake_block, snake_list):
for x in snake_list:
pygame.draw.rect(dis, black, [x[0], x[1], snake_block, snake_block])
def message(msg, color):
mesg = font_style.render(msg, True, color)
dis.blit(mesg, [dis_width / 6, dis_height / 3])
def gameLoop():
game_over = False
game_close = False
x1 = dis_width / 2
y1 = dis_height / 2
x1_change = 0
y1_change = 0
snake_List = []
Length_of_snake = 1
foodx = round(random.randrange(0, dis_width - snake_block) / 10.0) * 10.0
foody = round(random.randrange(0, dis_height - snake_block) / 10.0) * 10.0
while not game_over:
while game_close == True:
dis.fill(blue)
message("你失败了，请重新开始游戏！", red)
Your_score(Length_of_snake - 1)
pygame.display.update()
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
if event.key == pygame.K_q:
game_over = True
game_close = False
if event.key == pygame.K_c:
gameLoop()
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
game_over = True
if event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
if event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:
x1_change = -snake_block
y1_change = 0
elif event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:
x1_change = snake_block
y1_change = 0
elif event.key == pygame.K_UP:
y1_change = -snake_block
x1_change = 0
elif event.key == pygame.K_DOWN:
y1_change = snake_block
x1_change = 0
if x1 >= dis_width or x1 < 0 or y1 >= dis_height or y1 < 0:
game_close = True
x1 += x1_change
y1 += y1_change
dis.fill(blue)
pygame.draw.rect(dis, green, [foodx, foody, snake_block, snake_block])
snake_Head = []
snake_Head.append(x1)
snake_Head.append(y1)
snake_List.append(snake_Head)
if len(snake_List) > Length_of_snake:
del snake_List[0]
for x in snake_List[:-1]:
if x == snake_Head:
game_close = True
our_snake(snake_block, snake_List)
Your_score(Length_of_snake - 1)
pygame.display.update()
if x1 == foodx and y1 == foody:
foodx = round(random.randrange(0, dis_width - snake_block) / 10.0) * 10.0
foody = round(random.randrange(0, dis_height - snake_block) / 10.0) * 10.0
Length_of_snake += 1
clock.tick(snake_speed)
pygame.quit()
quit()
gameLoop()
这里定义了一个名为 Your_score 的函数，专门用于记录和渲染玩家的当前得分。
至此，一个简易版的贪吃蛇小游戏已经开发完成。
最后，我们可以为游戏添加背景音乐，以提升游戏的沉浸感和体验舒适度。
# 播放音乐
pygame.init()
pygame.mixer.music.load(r"Game.mp3")
pygame.mixer.music.play()
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