Python PrettyTable库使用指南：安装、样式与高级功能

本文介绍一个实用的Python库：PrettyTable，供读者参考学习。

安装PrettyTable

通过pip命令可以便捷地安装PrettyTable，具体命令如下：

pip install PrettyTable

PrettyTable使用示例

GitHub上提供了PrettyTable的详细使用说明，链接地址为：https://github.com/dprince/python-prettytable

以下是具体的代码演示：

import prettytable as pt

按行方式添加数据

tb = pt.PrettyTable()
tb.field_names = ["City name", "Area", "Population", "Annual Rainfall"]
tb.add_row(["Adelaide",1295, 1158259, 600.5])
tb.add_row(["Brisbane",5905, 1857594, 1146.4])
tb.add_row(["Darwin", 112, 120900, 1714.7])
tb.add_row(["Hobart", 1357, 205556,619.5])
print(tb)

+-----------+------+------------+-----------------+ | City name | Area | Population | Annual Rainfall | +-----------+------+------------+-----------------+ | Adelaide | 1295 | 1158259 | 600.5 | | Brisbane | 5905 | 1857594 | 1146.4 | | Darwin | 112 | 120900 | 1714.7 | | Hobart | 1357 | 205556 | 619.5 | +-----------+------+------------+-----------------+

按列方式添加数据

tb.add_column('index',[1,2,3,4])
print(tb)

+-----------+------+------------+-----------------+-------+ | City name | Area | Population | Annual Rainfall | index | +-----------+------+------------+-----------------+-------+ | Adelaide | 1295 | 1158259 | 600.5 | 1 | | Brisbane | 5905 | 1857594 | 1146.4 | 2 | | Darwin | 112 | 120900 | 1714.7 | 3 | | Hobart | 1357 | 205556 | 619.5 | 4 | +-----------+------+------------+-----------------+-------+

应用不同的输出风格

tb.set_style(pt.MSWORD_FRIENDLY)
print('--- style：MSWORD_FRIENDLY -----')
print(tb)
tb.set_style(pt.PLAIN_COLUMNS)
print('--- style：PLAIN_COLUMNS -----')
print(tb)

随机风格，每次生成的效果可能不同

tb.set_style(pt.RANDOM)
print('--- style：MSWORD_FRIENDLY -----')
print(tb)
tb.set_style(pt.DEFAULT)
print('--- style：DEFAULT -----')
print(tb)

--- style：MSWORD_FRIENDLY ----- | City name | Area | Population | Annual Rainfall | | Adelaide | 1295 | 1158259 | 600.5 | | Brisbane | 5905 | 1857594 | 1146.4 | | Darwin | 112 | 120900 | 1714.7 | | Hobart | 1357 | 205556 | 619.5 | --- style：PLAIN_COLUMNS ----- City name Area Population Annual Rainfall Adelaide 1295 1158259 600.5 Brisbane 5905 1857594 1146.4 Darwin 112 120900 1714.7 Hobart 1357 205556 619.5 --- style：MSWORD_FRIENDLY ----- @ Adelaide 1295 1158259 600.5 @ @ Brisbane 5905 1857594 1146.4@ @ Darwin 112 120900 1714.7@ @ Hobart 1357 205556 619.5 @ --- style：DEFAULT ----- +-----------+------+------------+-----------------+ | City name | Area | Population | Annual Rainfall | +-----------+------+------------+-----------------+ | Adelaide | 1295 | 1158259 | 600.5 | | Brisbane | 5905 | 1857594 | 1146.4 | | Darwin | 112 | 120900 | 1714.7 | | Hobart | 1357 | 205556 | 619.5 | +-----------+------+------------+-----------------+

不直接打印，而是获取表格的字符串表示

s = tb.get_string()
print(s)

支持仅提取指定的列或行数据

s = tb.get_string(fields=["City name", "Population"],start=1,end=4)
print(s)

+-----------+------+------------+-----------------+ | City name | Area | Population | Annual Rainfall | +-----------+------+------------+-----------------+ | Adelaide | 1295 | 1158259 | 600.5 | | Brisbane | 5905 | 1857594 | 1146.4 | | Darwin | 112 | 120900 | 1714.7 | | Hobart | 1357 | 205556 | 619.5 | +-----------+------+------------+-----------------+ +-----------+------------+ | City name | Population | +-----------+------------+ | Brisbane | 1857594 | | Darwin | 120900 | | Hobart | 205556 | +-----------+------------+

自定义表格的输出样式

设置左对齐

tb.align = 'l'

设置数字的输出格式

tb.float_format = "2.2"

将边框连接符设置为'*'

tb.junction_char = "*"

设置排序规则

tb.sortby = "City name"

设置左侧不填充空白字符

tb.left_padding_width = 0
print(tb)

*----------*-----*-----------*----------------* |City name |Area |Population |Annual Rainfall | *----------*-----*-----------*----------------* |Adelaide |1295 |1158259 |600.50 | |Brisbane |5905 |1857594 |1146.40 | |Darwin |112 |120900 |1714.70 | |Hobart |1357 |205556 |619.50 | *----------*-----*-----------*----------------*

不显示边框

tb.border = 0
print(tb)

修改边框分隔符

tb.set_style(pt.DEFAULT)
tb.horizontal_char = '+'
print(tb)

City name Area Population Annual Rainfall Adelaide 1295 1158259 600.50 Brisbane 5905 1857594 1146.40 Darwin 112 120900 1714.70 Hobart 1357 205556 619.50 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ | City name | Area | Population | Annual Rainfall | +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ | Adelaide | 1295 | 1158259 | 600.50 | | Brisbane | 5905 | 1857594 | 1146.40 | | Darwin | 112 | 120900 | 1714.70 | | Hobart | 1357 | 205556 | 619.50 | +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

PrettyTable也支持输出HTML代码

s = tb.get_html_string()
print(s)

使用copy方法复制表格对象

tb.set_style(pt.DEFAULT)
tb.horizontal_char = '.'
tb2 = tb.copy()
tb.align = 'l'
tb2.align = 'r'
print(tb)
print(tb2)

直接赋值，得到的是索引引用

tb.horizontal_char = '-'
tb.aliign = 'l'
tb3 = tb
tb3.align = 'r'
print(tb)
print(tb3)

+...........+......+............+.................+ | City name | Area | Population | Annual Rainfall | +...........+......+............+.................+ | Adelaide | 1295 | 1158259 | 600.50 | | Brisbane | 5905 | 1857594 | 1146.40 | | Darwin | 112 | 120900 | 1714.70 | | Hobart | 1357 | 205556 | 619.50 | +...........+......+............+.................+ +...........+......+............+.................+ | City name | Area | Population | Annual Rainfall | +...........+......+............+.................+ | Adelaide | 1295 | 1158259 | 600.50 | | Brisbane | 5905 | 1857594 | 1146.40 | | Darwin | 112 | 120900 | 1714.70 | | Hobart | 1357 | 205556 | 619.50 | +...........+......+............+.................+ +-----------+------+------------+-----------------+ | City name | Area | Population | Annual Rainfall | +-----------+------+------------+-----------------+ | Adelaide | 1295 | 1158259 | 600.50 | | Brisbane | 5905 | 1857594 | 1146.40 | | Darwin | 112 | 120900 | 1714.70 | | Hobart | 1357 | 205556 | 619.50 | +-----------+------+------------+-----------------+ +-----------+------+------------+-----------------+ | City name | Area | Population | Annual Rainfall | +-----------+------+------------+-----------------+ | Adelaide | 1295 | 1158259 | 600.50 | | Brisbane | 5905 | 1857594 | 1146.40 | | Darwin | 112 | 120900 | 1714.70 | | Hobart | 1357 | 205556 | 619.50 | +-----------+------+------------+-----------------+ ---------------------

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