Python数据可视化：使用Pygal模拟掷骰子

Dylan

发布时间：2026-10-15| 7人浏览过

原创

本文介绍如何使用Python的Pygal库进行数据可视化，通过模拟掷骰子实验生成可缩放矢量图形（SVG）文件。内容涵盖单骰子、双同面数骰子及不同面数骰子的模拟过程，包括结果统计与直方图绘制，帮助读者掌握概率数据的可视化方法。

Pygal是一个用于生成可缩放矢量图形（SVG）文件的Python可视化包。

生成的图表具备自适应特性，能够在不同尺寸的屏幕上自动调整大小并清晰显示。

#安装pygal
pip install pygal
'''
想要了解Pygal可生成什么样的图表，可访问http://www.pygal.org/
单击document，点击chart types，每个示例都包含源代码
'''
from random import randint
#创建一个骰子的类
class Die():
    def __init__(self,num_sides = 6):
        self.num_sides = num_sides
    def roll(self):
        #返回一个位于1和骰子面数之间的随机值
        return randint(1, self.num_sides)
#掷骰子
die = Die()
#创建一个列表，将结果存储在一个列表中
results = []
 #投100次   
for roll_num in range(100):
    result = die.roll()
    results.append(result)
print(results)
[3, 4, 2, 2, 6, 5, 5, 5, 2, 3, 1, 4, 3, 2, 1, 2, 3, 6, 6, 5, 5, 3, 2, 3, 1, 1, 4, 1, 4, 6, 1, 6, 2, 3, 4, 6, 2, 5, 5, 1, 6, 1, 5, 4, 3, 3, 4, 5, 6, 3, 5, 1, 4, 3, 5, 6, 6, 6, 4, 6, 5, 6, 5, 4, 6, 3, 1, 4, 1, 4, 2, 1, 1, 4, 4, 4, 2, 3, 1, 4, 6, 2, 1, 5, 6, 2, 2, 6, 6, 3, 6, 2, 6, 6, 4, 4, 2, 1, 1, 6]

首先需要对模拟结果进行分析，统计每个点数出现的频率。

frequencies = []
for value in range(1, die.num_sides+1):
    frequency = results.count(value)
    frequencies.append(frequency)
print(frequencies)
[10, 23, 13, 9, 26, 19]

接着利用Pygal绘制直方图，直观展示数据分布情况。

import pygal
hist = pygal.Bar()
hist.title = 'results of rolling one d6 100 times'
hist.x_lables = ['1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6']
hist.x_title = 'result'
hist.y_title = 'frequency of result'
hist.add('d6', frequencies)
#将图渲染为SVG文件，需要打开浏览器，才能查看生成的直方图
hist.render_to_file('die_visual.svg')

代码示例展示了如何同时投掷两个面数相同的骰子。

from random import randint
#创建一个骰子的类
class Die():
    def __init__(self,num_sides = 6):
        self.num_sides = num_sides
    def roll(self):
        #返回一个位于1和骰子面数之间的随机值
        return randint(1, self.num_sides)
#掷骰子
die1 = Die()
die2 = Die()
#创建一个列表，将结果存储在一个列表中
results = []
 #投100次   
for roll_num in range(100):
    result = die1.roll() + die2.roll()
    results.append(result)
print(results)
#分析结果，计算每个点数出现的次数
frequencies = []
max_result = die1.num_sides + die2.num_sides
for value in range(1, max_result+1):
    frequency = results.count(value)
    frequencies.append(frequency)
print(frequencies)
#绘制直方图
import pygal
hist = pygal.Bar()
hist.title = 'results of rolling one d6 dice 100 times'
hist.x_lables = ['2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9', '10', '11', '12']
hist.x_title = 'result'
hist.y_title = 'frequency of result'
hist.add('d6 + d6', frequencies)
#将图渲染为SVG文件，需要打开浏览器，才能查看生成的直方图
hist.render_to_file('die_visual.svg')
[4, 7, 4, 5, 8, 4, 3, 6, 8, 9, 8, 11, 9, 11, 8, 8, 5, 6, 10, 5, 11, 7, 4, 3, 12, 12, 7, 2, 4, 9, 9, 5, 7, 10, 4, 7, 4, 6, 5, 6, 7, 2, 7, 9, 7, 6, 11, 5, 9, 6, 11, 4, 8, 10, 7, 9, 5, 4, 3, 7, 4, 10, 5, 7, 2, 6, 4, 2, 2, 5, 5, 9, 6, 3, 6, 10, 12, 7, 4, 11, 8, 6, 10, 5, 7, 5, 5, 7, 9, 4, 11, 6, 7, 8, 6, 11, 6, 4, 3, 12]
[0, 5, 5, 14, 13, 13, 15, 8, 9, 6, 8, 4]

此外，还演示了同时投掷两个面数不同的骰子的模拟过程。

from random import randint
#创建一个骰子的类
class Die():
    def __init__(self,num_sides = 6):
        self.num_sides = num_sides
    def roll(self):
        #返回一个位于1和骰子面数之间的随机值
        return randint(1, self.num_sides)
#掷骰子
die1 = Die()
die2 = Die(10)
#创建一个列表，将结果存储在一个列表中
results = []
 #投100次   
for roll_num in range(100):
    result = die1.roll() + die2.roll()
    results.append(result)
print(results)
#分析结果，计算每个点数出现的次数
frequencies = []
max_result = die1.num_sides + die2.num_sides
for value in range(1, max_result+1):
    frequency = results.count(value)
    frequencies.append(frequency)
print(frequencies)
#绘制直方图
import pygal
hist = pygal.Bar()
hist.title = 'results of rolling one d10 dice 100 times'
hist.x_lables = ['2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9', '10', '11', '12', '13', '14','15','16']
hist.x_title = 'result'
hist.y_title = 'frequency of result'
hist.add('d6 + d10', frequencies)
#将图渲染为SVG文件，需要打开浏览器，才能查看生成的直方图
hist.render_to_file('die_visual.svg')
[5, 3, 6, 13, 8, 9, 10, 11, 11, 4, 5, 14, 11, 10, 11, 8, 14, 12, 16, 8, 9, 11, 7, 11, 9, 2, 8, 9, 9, 10, 7, 8, 12, 11, 8, 12, 9, 9, 10, 11, 8, 14, 10, 12, 10, 7, 12, 5, 4, 8, 6, 7, 7, 11, 9, 16, 6, 13, 6, 10, 6, 7, 16, 9, 14, 5, 7, 12, 8, 9, 11, 11, 6, 11, 5, 8, 11, 16, 4, 10, 5, 10, 13, 4, 9, 9, 11, 9, 11, 13, 7, 13, 13, 5, 5, 4, 5, 3, 12, 14]
[0, 1, 2, 5, 9, 6, 8, 10, 13, 9, 15, 7, 6, 5, 0, 4]