解决virtualenv -p python3 venv报错：PyPI镜像源与_ctypes依赖问题
发布时间：2026-10-14| 4人浏览过
本文详细记录了在阿里云服务器上使用virtualenv创建Python3虚拟环境时遇到的两个典型错误。首先针对HTTPError 404报错，通过修改pip配置文件指向国内镜像源解决；其次针对ModuleNotFoundError: No module named '_ctypes'，通过安装libffi-devel依赖并重新编译安装Python3源码解决。
在阿里云服务器上，使用virtualenv命令创建虚拟环境时，终端返回了错误信息。
root@iZwz982qla1uxm1s5dnyo7Z:/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/virtualenv-15.0.1.egg-info# virtualenv -p python3 venv
Running virtualenv with interpreter /usr/bin/python2
New python executable in /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/virtualenv-15.0.1.egg-info/venv/bin/python2
Not overwriting existing python script /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/virtualenv-15.0.1.egg-info/venv/bin/python (you must use /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/virtualenv-15.0.1.egg-info/venv/bin/python2)
Please make sure you remove any previous custom paths from your /root/.pydistutils.cfg file.
1 [global]
Installing setuptools, pkg_resources, pip, wheel...
Complete output from command /usr/lib/python3/dis...nfo/venv/bin/python2 - setuptools pkg_resources pip wheel:
Collecting setuptools
Downloading http://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/packages/ff/f4/385715ccc461885f3cedf57a41ae3c12b5fec3f35cce4c8706b1a112a133/setuptools-40.0.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (567kB)
Collecting pkg_resources
Exception:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/usr/share/python-wheels/pip-8.1.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl/pip/basecommand.py", line 209, in main
status = self.run(options, args)
File "/usr/share/python-wheels/pip-8.1.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl/pip/commands/install.py", line 328, in run
wb.build(autobuilding=True)
File "/usr/share/python-wheels/pip-8.1.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl/pip/wheel.py", line 748, in build
self.requirement_set.prepare_files(self.finder)
File "/usr/share/python-wheels/pip-8.1.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl/pip/req/req_set.py", line 360, in prepare_files
ignore_dependencies=self.ignore_dependencies))
File "/usr/share/python-wheels/pip-8.1.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl/pip/req/req_set.py", line 512, in _prepare_file
finder, self.upgrade, require_hashes)
File "/usr/share/python-wheels/pip-8.1.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl/pip/req/req_install.py", line 273, in populate_link
self.link = finder.find_requirement(self, upgrade)
File "/usr/share/python-wheels/pip-8.1.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl/pip/index.py", line 442, in find_requirement
all_candidates = self.find_all_candidates(req.name)
File "/usr/share/python-wheels/pip-8.1.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl/pip/index.py", line 400, in find_all_candidates
for page in self._get_pages(url_locations, project_name):
File "/usr/share/python-wheels/pip-8.1.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl/pip/index.py", line 545, in _get_pages
page = self._get_page(location)
File "/usr/share/python-wheels/pip-8.1.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl/pip/index.py", line 648, in _get_page
return HTMLPage.get_page(link, session=self.session)
File "/usr/share/python-wheels/pip-8.1.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl/pip/index.py", line 760, in get_page
resp.raise_for_status()
File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/virtualenv-15.0.1.egg-info/venv/share/python-wheels/requests-2.9.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl/requests/models.py", line 840, in raise_for_status
raise HTTPError(http_error_msg, response=self)
HTTPError: 404 Client Error: Not Found for url: http://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/pkg-resources/
----------------------------------------
...Installing setuptools, pkg_resources, pip, wheel...done.
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/virtualenv.py", line 2363, in <module>
main()
File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/virtualenv.py", line 719, in main
symlink=options.symlink)
File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/virtualenv.py", line 988, in create_environment
download=download,
File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/virtualenv.py", line 918, in install_wheel
call_subprocess(cmd, show_stdout=False, extra_env=env, stdin=SCRIPT)
File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/virtualenv.py", line 812, in call_subprocess
% (cmd_desc, proc.returncode))
OSError: Command /usr/lib/python3/dis...nfo/venv/bin/python2 - setuptools pkg_resources pip wheel failed with error code 2错误日志中出现了HTTPError: 404 Client Error: Not Found for url: http://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/pkg-resources/。起初怀疑是阿里云安全组配置问题，经过排查发现实际上是访问PyPI镜像源时出现了问题。解决方法是将pip的默认源地址更改为国内可用的镜像源。
具体操作步骤如下：
使用vim编辑器打开pip配置文件：
在配置文件中写入以下内容：
[global]
index-url = http://e.pypi.python.org/simple以下国内镜像源均可使用：
e.pypi.python.org
pypi.douban.com
pypi.hustunique.com
补充：使用virtualenv创建Python3.7虚拟环境时报错ModuleNotFoundError: No module named '_ctypes'的解决方法
在使用virtualenv创建Python3.7.6版本的虚拟环境时，遇到了上述标题中的报错，此处记录解决过程。
出现这种情况通常是因为系统缺少依赖包libffi-devel。
在安装Python 3.7及以上版本时，需要libffi-devel包作为依赖支持。
使用yum命令安装该依赖：
yum install libffi-devel -y删除之前因报错而创建的虚拟环境目录。
rm -f venv重新编译安装系统Python3.7.6（操作前需先找到安装时的Python源码包，并cd进入对应目录）：
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python3
make && make install删除之前建立的旧软连接：
rm -rf /usr/bin/python3
rm -rf /usr/bin/pip3重新建立新的软连接：
ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/python3.7 /usr/bin/python3
ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/pip3.7 /usr/bin/pip3至此Python3重新安装完成，可以通过python3和pip3命令测试是否安装成功。
进入虚拟目录将要存放的目录，使用新安装的Python3创建虚拟环境。此处必须使用-p参数指定Python版本路径，否则默认会创建Python2的环境。
virtualenv -p /usr/bin/python3 venv测试进入创建好的虚拟环境中：
source venv/bin/activate退出环境：
deactivate
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