Python Pygame 塔防游戏开发实战：功能实现与代码解析
发布时间：2026-10-13| 6人浏览过
本文介绍使用Python3和Pygame模块开发塔防游戏的完整过程。涵盖血量和分数显示、背景音乐、防御塔建造与攻击逻辑、暂停及加速功能等核心特性。文章详细解析了主程序、敌军移动与状态管理、炮塔位置初始化等关键代码模块，并提供了完整源码供参考，帮助开发者快速掌握基础塔防游戏的制作技巧。
Python Pygame 塔防游戏开发实战：功能实现与代码解析
利用Python3的模块，可以基本实现塔防游戏的核心功能，包括血量与分数显示、背景音乐播放、防御塔建造、攻击范围判定以及暂停和加速游戏进程等功能。由于缺乏专业美术素材，本文使用的图片均为自行截图处理，因此画面美观度有限，但功能完整。游戏中存在一个不影响整体体验的，不影响实际游戏效果。
运行主类
1. 运行主类
"""主程序"""
from pygame.locals import *
from TowerDefend.enemy import *
from TowerDefend.towerposSet import *
from TowerDefend.tower import *
import pygame
def run():
"""运行函数"""
pygame.init()
size = width, height = 1200, 600
screen = pygame.display.set_mode(size)
background_img = pygame.image.load(r'image/background.png').convert_alpha()
background_img = pygame.transform.scale(background_img, (width, height))
# 创建分数和血量
health_count = 5
score_count = 0
score = pygame.font.Font('font/score_health.ttf', 30)
health = pygame.font.Font('font/score_health.ttf', 30)
# 创建背景音乐
bg_music = pygame.mixer.music
bg_music.load('media/bg.mp3')
bg_music.set_volume(2)
# 创建敌军类
enemies = pygame.sprite.Group()
ENEMY_NUM = 5
position = [[258, 600], [258, 670], [258, 740], [258, 810], [258, 880]]
for i in range(ENEMY_NUM):
enemies.add(Enemy(position[i]))
# 创建炮塔
towers = pygame.sprite.Group()
# 加载暂停键
pause_img = pygame.image.load('image/pause.png').convert_alpha()
pause_rect = pause_img.get_rect()
pause_rect.left, pause_rect.top = 1145, 0
# 加载血量和金币显示
health_money_img = pygame.image.load('image/health_money.png').convert_alpha()
health_money_rect = health_money_img.get_rect()
health_money_rect.left, health_money_rect.top = 0, 0
# 加载加速键
speed_img = pygame.image.load('image/speed.png').convert_alpha()
speed_rect = speed_img.get_rect()
speed_rect.left, speed_rect.top = 1090, 0
# 设置炮塔位置
towers_pos = pygame.sprite.Group()
position_list = [[225, 495], [264, 428], [312, 428], [362, 428], [410, 428], [460, 428], [508, 428], [561, 428],
[561, 373], [377, 373]]
for i in range(len(position_list)):
towers_pos.add(Position(position_list[i]))
# 设置循环条件
running = True
clock = pygame.time.Clock()
paused = False
# 播放音乐
if not bg_music.get_busy():
bg_music.play(-1)
while running:
clock.tick(100)
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == QUIT:
running = False
if event.type == MOUSEBUTTONDOWN:
if event.button == 1:
if speed_rect.collidepoint(event.pos):
for each in enemies:
each.accelerate *= 2
if pause_rect.collidepoint(event.pos):
paused = not paused
for each in towers_pos:
if each.rect.collidepoint(event.pos):
tower = Tower([each.rect.left, each.rect.top])
towers.add(tower)
towers_pos.remove(each)
if not paused:
for enemy in enemies:
if enemy.active:
enemy.move()
else:
if enemy.rect.top <= 180:
health_count -= 1
if enemy.rect.top > 180:
score_count += 20
enemies.remove(enemy)
# 绘制界面设置
screen.blit(background_img, (0, 0))
screen.blit(health.render(str(health_count), True, (255, 255, 255)), (60, 0.3))
screen.blit(score.render(str(score_count), True, (255, 255, 255)), (130, 0.5))
screen.blit(health_money_img, health_money_rect)
screen.blit(pause_img, pause_rect)
screen.blit(speed_img, speed_rect)
# 绘制炮塔
for each in towers:
each.draw(screen, enemies)
each.hit(enemies)
# 绘制炮塔位置
towers_pos.draw(screen)
# 敌军若存活则绘制其和血量
for enemy in enemies:
if enemy.active:
screen.blit(enemy.img, enemy.rect)
enemy.drawhealth(screen)
pygame.display.flip()
pygame.quit()
if __name__ == "__main__":
run()
2.炮塔类
"""TOWER"""
import pygame
import math
class Tower(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
"""tower"""
def __init__(self, pos):
pygame.sprite.Sprite.__init__(self)
self.img0 = pygame.image.load('image/tower0.png')
self.img1 = pygame.image.load('image/tower1.png')
self.img2 = pygame.image.load('image/tower2.png')
self.rect = self.img0.get_rect()
self.rect.left, self.rect.top = pos
self.count = 1
def draw(self, screen, enemies):
"""绘制"""
if self.count > 90:
self.count = 1
if 1 <= self.count < 30:
screen.blit(self.img0, self.rect)
elif 30 <= self.count < 60:
screen.blit(self.img1, self.rect)
else:
screen.blit(self.img2, self.rect)
for enemy in enemies:
distance = math.sqrt(
math.pow((self.rect.left - enemy.rect.left), 2) + math.pow((self.rect.top - enemy.rect.top), 2))
if distance < 50 and enemy.active is True:
self.count += 1
def hit(self, enemies):
"""攻击"""
for enemy in enemies:
distance = math.sqrt(
math.pow((self.rect.left - enemy.rect.left), 2) + math.pow((self.rect.top - enemy.rect.top), 2))
if distance < 50:
enemy.health -= 1
if enemy.health == 0:
enemy.active = False敌军类
3. 敌军类
import pygame
class Enemy(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
"""小兵类"""
def __init__(self, position):
pygame.sprite.Sprite.__init__(self)
self.img = pygame.image.load(r'image/enemy.png').convert_alpha()
self.rect = self.img.get_rect()
self.init_pos = position
self.rect.left, self.rect.top = self.init_pos
self.accelerate = 1
self.speed = [0, -self.accelerate]
self.active = True
self.health = 500
# 竖直
self.status = 'UP'
def move(self):
"""移动"""
self.rect = self.rect.move(self.speed)
if self.rect.top <= 448 and self.rect.left == 258:
self.rect.top = 448
self.status = 'R'
self.img = pygame.transform.rotate(self.img, 270)
self.speed = [self.accelerate, 0]
if self.rect.top == 448 and self.rect.left >= 597:
self.rect.left = 597
self.status = 'UP'
self.img = pygame.transform.rotate(self.img, 90)
self.speed = [0, -self.accelerate]
if 320 < self.rect.top <= 335 and self.rect.left == 597:
self.rect.top = 335
self.status = 'L'
self.img = pygame.transform.rotate(self.img, 90)
self.speed = [-self.accelerate, 0]
if self.rect.top == 335 and self.rect.left <= 370:
self.rect.left = 370
self.status = 'UP'
self.img = pygame.transform.rotate(self.img, 270)
self.speed = [0, -self.accelerate]
if self.rect.top <= 216 and self.rect.left == 370:
self.rect.top = 216
self.status = 'R'
self.img = pygame.transform.rotate(self.img, 270)
self.speed = [self.accelerate, 0]
if self.rect.top == 216 and 800 > self.rect.left >= 746:
self.rect.left = 746
self.status = 'DW'
self.img = pygame.transform.rotate(self.img, 270)
self.speed = [0, self.accelerate]
if self.rect.top >= 330 and self.rect.left == 746:
self.rect.top = 330
self.status = 'R'
self.img = pygame.transform.rotate(self.img, 90)
self.speed = [self.accelerate, 0]
if self.rect.top == 330 and self.rect.left >= 930:
self.rect.left = 930
self.status = 'UP'
self.img = pygame.transform.rotate(self.img, 90)
self.speed = [0, -self.accelerate]
if self.rect.top < 180:
self.active = False
def drawhealth(self, screen):
"""绘制血量"""
BLACK = (0, 0, 0)
RED = (255, 0, 0)
GREEN = (0, 255, 0)
health_percentage = float(self.health) / 500
if self.status == 'UP':
start = self.rect.left + 8
pygame.draw.line(screen, BLACK, (start, self.rect.top - 3),
(start + 32, self.rect.top - 3), 4)
if health_percentage > 0.5:
pygame.draw.line(screen, GREEN, (start, self.rect.top - 3),
(start + 32 * health_percentage, self.rect.top - 3), 4)
else:
pygame.draw.line(screen, RED, (start, self.rect.top - 3),
(start + 32 * health_percentage, self.rect.top - 3), 4)
elif self.status == 'DW':
start = self.rect.left + 8
pygame.draw.line(screen, BLACK, (start, self.rect.bottom + 3),
(start + 32, self.rect.bottom + 3), 4)
if health_percentage > 0.5:
pygame.draw.line(screen, GREEN, (start, self.rect.bottom + 3),
(start + 32 * health_percentage, self.rect.bottom + 3), 4)
else:
pygame.draw.line(screen, RED, (start, self.rect.bottom + 3),
(start + 32 * health_percentage, self.rect.bottom + 3), 4)
elif self.status == 'R':
start = self.rect.bottom - 8
pygame.draw.line(screen, BLACK, (self.rect.right + 3, start),
(self.rect.right + 3, start - 32), 4)
if health_percentage > 0.5:
pygame.draw.line(screen, GREEN, (self.rect.right + 3, start),
(self.rect.right + 3, start - 32 * health_percentage), 4)
else:
pygame.draw.line(screen, RED, (self.rect.right + 3, start),
(self.rect.right + 3, start - 32 * health_percentage), 4)
else:
start = self.rect.bottom - 8
pygame.draw.line(screen, BLACK, (self.rect.left - 3, start),
(self.rect.left - 3, start - 30), 4)
if health_percentage > 0.5:
pygame.draw.line(screen, GREEN, (self.rect.left - 3, start),
(self.rect.left - 3, start - 30 * health_percentage), 4)
else:
pygame.draw.line(screen, RED, (self.rect.left - 3, start),
(self.rect.left - 3, start - 30 * health_percentage), 4)
def reset(self):
"""reset the position"""
self.rect.left, self.rect.top = self.init_pos炮塔建造位置类
4. 炮塔建造位置类
"""初始化炮塔可占据的位置"""
import pygame
class Position(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
"""pos"""
def __init__(self, pos):
pygame.sprite.Sprite.__init__(self)
self.image = pygame.image.load('image/pt.png')
self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
self.rect.left, self.rect.top = pos操作说明
5. 说明
本游戏通过鼠标左键点击炮塔可以建造的位置来建造炮塔。
游戏效果图
6. 效果图
可以看到图确实不好看，但美术功底不够，所以不怎么好看。当然需要素材的也可以给你。
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