PyGame贪吃蛇游戏实现详解与代码示例

沈知远

发布时间：2026-10-13| 6人浏览过

原创

本文详细介绍基于PyGame框架开发的贪吃蛇游戏实现过程。涵盖640x480分辨率下的网格绘制、蛇身坐标数组管理、食物生成与碰撞检测等核心逻辑。文中提供了完整的Python代码示例，包括方向控制、计分机制及音效提示等功能，适合Python初学者参考学习。

近期协助完成了一个贪吃蛇游戏项目（用于课程作业），整体实现较为简单，界面效果如下所示：

游戏启动时的初始界面：

游戏进行中的实时界面：

整体风格简洁朴素。（欢迎访问GitHub获取更多信息）

该游戏基于PyGame框架开发，程序的核心运行逻辑如下：

游戏窗口分辨率设定为640*480，蛇身与食物均由一个或多个20*20像素的正方形块构成（为便于描述，下文将这种20*20像素的正方形块简称为“点”）。因此，整个游戏区域可划分为32*24个网格点，利用pygame.draw.rect函数绘制每一个网格点；
游戏初始化阶段，蛇的初始长度为3个单位，食物为1个点，蛇的初始移动方向设定为向右。使用一个数组来存储蛇的状态，数组中的每个元素代表蛇身各点的坐标。其中，数组的第一个元素对应蛇尾坐标，最后一个元素对应蛇头坐标；
游戏运行过程中，依据蛇当前的移动方向，将该方向前方相邻的网格点坐标追加到蛇身数组的末尾，同时移除数组首部的蛇尾坐标。通过这种“头部添加、尾部移除”的操作，实现蛇身坐标数组整体向前移动一位的效果；
若蛇头坐标与食物坐标重合，即判定为吃到食物。此时在第2点所述的逻辑中，不执行移除蛇尾的操作，从而实现蛇长度增加的效果。食物被吃掉后，系统会在非蛇身占据的空闲位置随机生成新的食物；
通过PyGame的事件监听机制捕获按键输入，从而改变蛇的移动方向。例如，当蛇当前向右移动时，下一次允许改变的方向仅能向上或向下；
当蛇头与自身身体发生碰撞，或蛇头超出游戏边界（撞墙）时，游戏结束。判断蛇撞自身的逻辑是检查蛇坐标数组中是否存在与蛇头坐标重复的数据；判断撞墙则是检查蛇头坐标是否超出预设的边界范围，这两种情况均易于实现；
其他细节处理包括：设计了欢迎界面；食物颜色采用随机生成方式；吃到食物时播放提示音效等。

完整代码实现如下：

#!/usr/bin/env python 
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*- 

""" 
@version: v1.0 
@author: Harp
@contact: liutao25@baidu.com 
@software: PyCharm 
@file: MySnake.py 
@time: 2018/1/15 0015 23:40 
"""


import pygame
from os import path
from sys import exit
from time import sleep
from random import choice
from itertools import product
from pygame.locals import QUIT, KEYDOWN


def direction_check(moving_direction, change_direction):
  directions = [['up', 'down'], ['left', 'right']]
  if moving_direction in directions[0] and change_direction in directions[1]:
    return change_direction
  elif moving_direction in directions[1] and change_direction in directions[0]:
    return change_direction
  return moving_direction


class Snake:

  colors = list(product([0, 64, 128, 192, 255], repeat=3))[1:-1]

  def __init__(self):
    self.map = {(x, y): 0 for x in range(32) for y in range(24)}
    self.body = [[100, 100], [120, 100], [140, 100]]
    self.head = [140, 100]
    self.food = []
    self.food_color = []
    self.moving_direction = 'right'
    self.speed = 4
    self.generate_food()
    self.game_started = False

  def check_game_status(self):
    if self.body.count(self.head) > 1:
      return True
    if self.head[0] < 0 or self.head[0] > 620 or self.head[1] < 0 or self.head[1] > 460:
      return True
    return False

  def move_head(self):
    moves = {
      'right': (20, 0),
      'up': (0, -20),
      'down': (0, 20),
      'left': (-20, 0)
    }
    step = moves[self.moving_direction]
    self.head[0] += step[0]
    self.head[1] += step[1]

  def generate_food(self):
    self.speed = len(self.body) // 16 if len(self.body) // 16 > 4 else self.speed
    for seg in self.body:
      x, y = seg
      self.map[x//20, y//20] = 1
    empty_pos = [pos for pos in self.map.keys() if not self.map[pos]]
    result = choice(empty_pos)
    self.food_color = list(choice(self.colors))
    self.food = [result[0]*20, result[1]*20]


def main():
  key_direction_dict = {
    119: 'up', # W
    115: 'down', # S
    97: 'left', # A
    100: 'right', # D
    273: 'up', # UP
    274: 'down', # DOWN
    276: 'left', # LEFT
    275: 'right', # RIGHT
  }

  fps_clock = pygame.time.Clock()
  pygame.init()
  pygame.mixer.init()
  snake = Snake()
  sound = False
  if path.exists('eat.wav'):
    sound_wav = pygame.mixer.Sound("eat.wav")
    sound = True
  title_font = pygame.font.SysFont('arial', 32)
  welcome_words = title_font.render('Welcome to My Snake', True, (0, 0, 0), (255, 255, 255))
  tips_font = pygame.font.SysFont('arial', 24)
  start_game_words = tips_font.render('Click to Start Game', True, (0, 0, 0), (255, 255, 255))
  close_game_words = tips_font.render('Press ESC to Close', True, (0, 0, 0), (255, 255, 255))
  gameover_words = title_font.render('GAME OVER', True, (205, 92, 92), (255, 255, 255))
  win_words = title_font.render('THE SNAKE IS LONG ENOUGH AND YOU WIN!', True, (0, 0, 205), (255, 255, 255))
  screen = pygame.display.set_mode((640, 480), 0, 32)
  pygame.display.set_caption('My Snake')
  new_direction = snake.moving_direction
  while 1:
    for event in pygame.event.get():
      if event.type == QUIT:
        exit()
      elif event.type == KEYDOWN:
        if event.key == 27:
          exit()
        if snake.game_started and event.key in key_direction_dict:
          direction = key_direction_dict[event.key]
          new_direction = direction_check(snake.moving_direction, direction)
      elif (not snake.game_started) and event.type == pygame.MOUSEBUTTONDOWN:
        x, y = pygame.mouse.get_pos()
        if 213 <= x <= 422 and 304 <= y <= 342:
          snake.game_started = True
    screen.fill((255, 255, 255))
    if snake.game_started:
      snake.moving_direction = new_direction # 在这里赋值，而不是在event事件的循环中赋值，避免按键太快
      snake.move_head()
      snake.body.append(snake.head[:])
      if snake.head == snake.food:
        if sound:
          sound_wav.play()
        snake.generate_food()
      else:
        snake.body.pop(0)
      for seg in snake.body:
        pygame.draw.rect(screen, [0, 0, 0], [seg[0], seg[1], 20, 20], 0)
      pygame.draw.rect(screen, snake.food_color, [snake.food[0], snake.food[1], 20, 20], 0)
      if snake.check_game_status():
        screen.blit(gameover_words, (241, 310))
        pygame.display.update()
        snake = Snake()
        new_direction = snake.moving_direction
        sleep(3)
      elif len(snake.body) == 512:
        screen.blit(win_words, (33, 210))
        pygame.display.update()
        snake = Snake()
        new_direction = snake.moving_direction
        sleep(3)
    else:
      screen.blit(welcome_words, (188, 100))
      screen.blit(start_game_words, (236, 310))
      screen.blit(close_game_words, (233, 350))
    pygame.display.update()
    fps_clock.tick(snake.speed)


if __name__ == '__main__':
  main()

以上就是本文的全部内容，希望对大家的学习有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持本站。