Python 时间日期处理基础：对象操作与转换详解
发布时间：2026-10-13| 6人浏览过
本文系统梳理 Python 中 datetime、timestamp、time tuple、string 及 date 五种时间相关对象的操作方法。内容涵盖获取当前时间、日期差值计算、周月最后一天获取，以及各类对象间的相互转换实现，帮助开发者掌握 Python 时间处理的核心技能。
处理流程：
1. 熟悉各类时间对象及其相互关系 2. 掌握每类对象的核心操作方法 3. 利用转换关系实现对象间的转化
涉及对象
1. datetime
>>> import datetime >>> now = datetime.datetime.now() >>> now datetime.datetime(2018, 1, 12, 23, 9, 12, 946118) >>> type(now) <type 'datetime.datetime'>
2. timestamp
>>> import time >>> time.time() 1421075455.568243
3. time tuple
>>> import time >>> time.localtime() time.struct_time(tm_year=2015, tm_mon=1, tm_mday=12, tm_hour=23, tm_min=10, tm_sec=30, tm_wday=0, tm_yday=12, tm_isdst=0)
4. string
>>> import datetime
>>> datetime.datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
'2015-01-12 23:13:08'
5. date
>>> import datetime >>> datetime.datetime.now().date() datetime.date(2015, 1, 12)
datetime 基本操作
1. 获取当前 datetime
>>> import datetime >>> datetime.datetime.now() datetime.datetime(2015, 1, 12, 23, 26, 24, 475680)
2. 获取当天 date
>>> datetime.date.today() datetime.date(2015, 1, 12)
3. 获取明天/前N天
明天
>>> datetime.date.today() + datetime.timedelta(days=1) datetime.date(2015, 1, 13)
三天前
>>> datetime.datetime.now() datetime.datetime(2015, 1, 12, 23, 38, 55, 492226) >>> datetime.datetime.now() - datetime.timedelta(days=3) datetime.datetime(2015, 1, 9, 23, 38, 57, 59363)
4. 获取当天开始和结束时间(00:00:00 23:59:59)
>>> datetime.datetime.combine(datetime.date.today(), datetime.time.min) datetime.datetime(2015, 1, 12, 0, 0) >>> datetime.datetime.combine(datetime.date.today(), datetime.time.max) datetime.datetime(2015, 1, 12, 23, 59, 59, 999999)
5. 获取两个datetime的时间差
>>> (datetime.datetime(2015,1,13,12,0,0) - datetime.datetime.now()).total_seconds() 44747.768075
6. 获取本周/本月/上月最后一天
本周
>>> today = datetime.date.today() >>> today datetime.date(2015, 1, 12) >>> sunday = today + datetime.timedelta(6 - today.weekday()) >>> sunday datetime.date(2015, 1, 18)
本月
>>> import calendar >>> today = datetime.date.today() >>> _, last_day_num = calendar.monthrange(today.year, today.month) >>> last_day = datetime.date(today.year, today.month, last_day_num) >>> last_day datetime.date(2015, 1, 31)
获取上个月的最后一天(可能跨年)
>>> import datetime >>> today = datetime.date.today() >>> first = datetime.date(day=1, month=today.month, year=today.year) >>> lastMonth = first - datetime.timedelta(days=1)
关系转换
几个关系之间的转化
Datetime Object / String / timestamp / time tuple
关系转换例子
datetime <=> string
datetime -> string
>>> import datetime
>>> datetime.datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
'2015-01-12 23:13:08'
string -> datetime
>>> import datetime
>>> datetime.datetime.strptime("2014-12-31 18:20:10", "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
datetime.datetime(2014, 12, 31, 18, 20, 10)
datetime <=> timetuple
datetime -> timetuple
>>> import datetime >>> datetime.datetime.now().timetuple() time.struct_time(tm_year=2015, tm_mon=1, tm_mday=12, tm_hour=23, tm_min=17, tm_sec=59, tm_wday=0, tm_yday=12, tm_isdst=-1)
timetuple -> datetime
timetuple => timestamp => datetime [看后面datetime<=>timestamp]
datetime <=> date
datetime -> date
>>> import datetime >>> datetime.datetime.now().date() datetime.date(2015, 1, 12)
date -> datetime
>>> datetime.date.today() datetime.date(2015, 1, 12) >>> today = datetime.date.today() >>> datetime.datetime.combine(today, datetime.time()) datetime.datetime(2015, 1, 12, 0, 0) >>> datetime.datetime.combine(today, datetime.time.min) datetime.datetime(2015, 1, 12, 0, 0)
datetime <=> timestamp
datetime -> timestamp
>>> now = datetime.datetime.now() >>> timestamp = time.mktime(now.timetuple()) >>> timestamp 1421077403.0
timestamp -> datetime
>>> datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(1421077403.0) datetime.datetime(2015, 1, 12, 23, 43, 23)
本文介绍了 Python 中关于日期时间操作的基础知识点，建议读者熟练掌握这些内容。
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