Python多线程HTTP网页下载器实现与源码解析
本文分享一个基于Python实现的多线程网页下载器,适用于通过HTTP协议向服务器批量提交数据。代码利用Queue管理任务与结果,结合httplib和urllib实现并发POST/GET请求。文中提供完整源码及运行示例,旨在通过实际案例探讨多线程网络编程的最佳实践与潜在Bug排查。
本文介绍了一个使用Python编写的多线程网页下载器示例,供读者参考学习。
该实现源于实际业务需求,主要用于通过HTTP方式向服务器批量提交游戏数据。公开此代码的目的是邀请社区协助审查,发现潜在缺陷以优化程序性能。
涉及的关键技术与模块包括:Python、HTTP协议、多线程机制(thread/threading)、httplib、urllib/urllib2、Queue队列以及HTTP连接池(http pool/httppool)。
以下是核心源代码展示:
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import urllib, httplib
import thread
import time
from Queue import Queue, Empty, Full
HEADERS = {"Content-type": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded",
'Accept-Language':'zh-cn',
'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0;Windows NT 5.0)',
"Accept": "text/plain"}
UNEXPECTED_ERROR = -1
POST = 'POST'
GET = 'GET'
def base_log(msg):
print msg
def base_fail_op(task, status, log):
log('fail op. task = %s, status = %d'%(str(task), status))
def get_remote_data(tasks, results, fail_op = base_fail_op, log = base_log):
while True:
task = tasks.get()
try:
tid = task['id']
hpt = task['conn_args'] # hpt <= host:port, timeout
except KeyError, e:
log(str(e))
continue
log('thread_%s doing task %d'%(thread.get_ident(), tid))
#log('hpt = ' + str(hpt))
conn = httplib.HTTPConnection(**hpt)
try:
params = task['params']
except KeyError, e:
params = {}
params = urllib.urlencode(params)
#log('params = ' + params)
try:
method = task['method']
except KeyError:
method = 'GET'
#log('method = ' + method)
try:
url = task['url']
except KeyError:
url = '/'
#log('url = ' + url)
headers = HEADERS
try:
tmp = task['headers']
except KeyError, e:
tmp = {}
headers.update(tmp)
#log('headers = ' + str(headers))
headers['Content-Length'] = len(params)
try:
if method == POST:
conn.request(method, url, params, headers)
else:
conn.request(method, url + params)
response = conn.getresponse()
except Exception, e:
log('request failed. method = %s, url = %s, params = %s headers = %s'%(
method, url, params, headers))
log(str(e))
fail_op(task, UNEXPECTED_ERROR, log)
continue
if response.status != httplib.OK:
fail_op(task, response.status, log)
continue
data = response.read()
results.put((tid, data), True)
class HttpPool(object):
def __init__(self, threads_count, fail_op, log):
self._tasks = Queue()
self._results = Queue()
for i in xrange(threads_count):
thread.start_new_thread(get_remote_data,
(self._tasks, self._results, fail_op, log))
def add_task(self, tid, host, url, params, headers = {}, method = 'GET', timeout = None):
task = {
'id' : tid,
'conn_args' : {'host' : host} if timeout is None else {'host' : host, 'timeout' : timeout},
'headers' : headers,
'url' : url,
'params' : params,
'method' : method,
}
try:
self._tasks.put_nowait(task)
except Full:
return False
return True
def get_results(self):
results = []
while True:
try:
res = self._results.get_nowait()
except Empty:
break
results.append(res)
return results
def test_google(task_count, threads_count):
hp = HttpPool(threads_count, base_fail_op, base_log)
for i in xrange(task_count):
if hp.add_task(i,
'www.google.cn',
'/search?',
{'q' : 'lai'},
# method = 'POST'
):
print 'add task successed.'
while True:
results = hp.get_results()
if not results:
time.sleep(1.0 * random.random())
for i in results:
print i[0], len(i[1])
# print unicode(i[1], 'gb18030')
if __name__ == '__main__':
import sys, random
task_count, threads_count = int(sys.argv[1]), int(sys.argv[2])
test_google(task_count, threads_count)
如需测试运行,可将代码保存为任意.py文件(例如xxxx.py),并在命令行执行:python xxxx.py 10 4。其中,第一个参数10代表向google.cn发起10次查询请求,第二个参数4代表使用4个线程并发执行这些任务。
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