Python获取本机所有网卡IP、子网掩码和广播地址的实现方法

Leo

发布时间：2026-10-13| 3人浏览过

原创

本文介绍如何使用Python脚本获取本机所有网卡的IP地址、子网掩码和广播地址。通过结合正则表达式与subprocess模块，分别调用ifconfig（Linux/macOS）和ipconfig（Windows）命令解析输出，兼容多平台。代码示例展示了如何过滤回环地址并提取关键网络参数，适用于需要自动化获取网络配置信息的场景。

本文主要研究的是使用Python获取本机所有网卡ip，掩码和广播地址，分享了相关的实例代码，具体介绍如下。

经过一天的搜索，竟然没找到一段合适的代码来获取机器中所有网卡的ip，掩码和广播地址，大部分都是用socket，但是socket通常返回的要不就是内网地址，要不就是公网地址，不能够找到所有地址，真的太忧桑了，决定自己通过ifconfig或ipconfig的返回信息，一步步地过滤了。这次的代码主要用到了正则表达式和subprocess模块，而且为了兼容所有平台（win，linux和mac），也用到了platform来判断系统类型，不说太多，代码如下：

import subprocess
import re
import platform


def find_all_ip(platform):
 ipstr = '([0-9]{1,3}\.){3}[0-9]{1,3}'
 if platform == "Darwin" or platform == "Linux":
  ipconfig_process = subprocess.Popen("ifconfig", stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
  output = ipconfig_process.stdout.read()
  ip_pattern = re.compile('(inet %s)' % ipstr)
  if platform == "Linux":
   ip_pattern = re.compile('(inet addr:%s)' % ipstr)
  pattern = re.compile(ipstr)
  iplist = []
  for ipaddr in re.finditer(ip_pattern, str(output)):
   ip = pattern.search(ipaddr.group())
   if ip.group() != "127.0.0.1":
    iplist.append(ip.group())
  return iplist
 elif platform == "Windows":
  ipconfig_process = subprocess.Popen("ipconfig", stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
  output = ipconfig_process.stdout.read()
  ip_pattern = re.compile("IPv4 Address(\. )*: %s" % ipstr)
  pattern = re.compile(ipstr)
  iplist = []
  for ipaddr in re.finditer(ip_pattern, str(output)):
   ip = pattern.search(ipaddr.group())
   if ip.group() != "127.0.0.1":
    iplist.append(ip.group())
  return iplist


def find_all_mask(platform):
 ipstr = '([0-9]{1,3}\.){3}[0-9]{1,3}'
 maskstr = '0x([0-9a-f]{8})'
 if platform == "Darwin" or platform == "Linux":
  ipconfig_process = subprocess.Popen("ifconfig", stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
  output = ipconfig_process.stdout.read()
  mask_pattern = re.compile('(netmask %s)' % maskstr)
  pattern = re.compile(maskstr)
  if platform == "Linux":
   mask_pattern = re.compile(r'Mask:%s' % ipstr)
   pattern = re.compile(ipstr)
  masklist = []
  for maskaddr in mask_pattern.finditer(str(output)):
   mask = pattern.search(maskaddr.group())
   if mask.group() != '0xff000000' and mask.group() != '255.0.0.0':
    masklist.append(mask.group())
  return masklist
 elif platform == "Windows":
  ipconfig_process = subprocess.Popen("ipconfig", stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
  output = ipconfig_process.stdout.read()
  mask_pattern = re.compile(r"Subnet Mask (\. )*: %s" % ipstr)
  pattern = re.compile(ipstr)
  masklist = []
  for maskaddr in mask_pattern.finditer(str(output)):
   mask = pattern.search(maskaddr.group())
   if mask.group() != '255.0.0.0':
    masklist.append(mask.group())
  return masklist


def get_broad_addr(ipstr, maskstr):
 iptokens = map(int, ipstr.split("."))
 masktokens = map(int, maskstr.split("."))
 broadlist = []
 for i in range(len(iptokens)):
  ip = iptokens[i]
  mask = masktokens[i]
  broad = ip & mask | (~mask & 255)
  broadlist.append(broad)
 return '.'.join(map(str, broadlist))


def find_all_broad(platform):
 ipstr = '([0-9]{1,3}\.){3}[0-9]{1,3}'
 if platform == "Darwin" or platform == "Linux":
  ipconfig_process = subprocess.Popen("ifconfig", stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
  output = (ipconfig_process.stdout.read())
  broad_pattern = re.compile('(broadcast %s)' % ipstr)
  if platform == "Linux":
   broad_pattern = re.compile(r'Bcast:%s' % ipstr)
  pattern = re.compile(ipstr)
  broadlist = []
  for broadaddr in broad_pattern.finditer(str(output)):
   broad = pattern.search(broadaddr.group())
   broadlist.append(broad.group())
  return broadlist
 elif platform == "Windows":
  iplist = find_all_ip(platform)
  masklist = find_all_mask(platform)
  broadlist = []
  for i in range(len(iplist)):
   broadlist.append(get_broad_addr(iplist[i], masklist[i]))
  return broadlist


system = platform.system()
print(find_all_ip(system))
print(find_all_mask(system))
print(find_all_broad(system))

总结

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