CentOS 6.4 源码编译安装 Python 2.7 及 pip 完整指南

Aria

发布时间：2026-10-13| 2人浏览过

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本文详细记录在 CentOS 6.4 系统中通过源码编译安装 Python 2.7.3 的全过程。内容涵盖编译前依赖库（zlib、openssl、bzip2）的安装、Configure 配置修改、编译安装步骤，以及因 Python 版本更替导致 yum 失效后的修复方法。最后介绍了 setuptools 和 pip 1.3.1 的安装与软链接配置，适用于需要特定旧版 Python 环境的服务器场景。

1. 准备工作

下载源码包

wget http://python.org/ftp/python/2.7.3/Python-2.7.3.tar.bz2

查看是否安装make工具

~#rpm -qa|grep make
automake-1.11.1-4.el6.noarch
make-3.81-20.el6.x86_64

如果没有安装make工具

yum -y install gcc automake autoconf libtool make

查看是否安装zlib库

~#rpm -qa|grep zlib
zlib-devel-1.2.3-29.el6.x86_64
zlib-1.2.3-29.el6.x86_64

安装zlib

yum install zlib-devel

检查是否安装ssl 库

~#rpm -qa|grep openssl
openssl-devel-1.0.1e-16.el6_5.x86_64
openssl-static-1.0.1e-16.el6_5.x86_64
openssl098e-0.9.8e-17.el6.centos.2.x86_64
openssl-1.0.1e-16.el6_5.x86_64
openssl-perl-1.0.1e-16.el6_5.x86_64

安装openssl

yum install openssl*

安装bzip2依赖库

yum install -y bzip2*

2. 编译安装

cp Python-2.7.3.tar.bz2 /usr/src/
tar -jxvf Python-2.7.3.tar.bz2
vi Modules/Setup.dist

找到

#SSL=/usr/local/ssl
#_ssl _ssl.c \
#    -DUSE_SSL -I$(SSL)/include -I$(SSL)/include/openssl \
#    -L$(SSL)/lib -lssl -lcrypto
......
#zlib zlibmodule.c -I$(prefix)/include -L$(exec_prefix)/lib -lz

把注释去掉

编译

./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python2.7
make all 
make install
make clean
make distclean

安装成功

~#/usr/local/python2.7/bin/python2.7
Python 2.7.3 (default, Dec 18 2013, 15:43:35) 
[GCC 4.4.7 20120313 (Red Hat 4.4.7-4)] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>>

cd /usr/local/python2.7
python setup.py install

建立python2.7 软链

~#mv /usr/bin/python /usr/bin/python.bak
~#ln -s /usr/local/python2.7/bin/python2.7 /usr/bin/python2.7
~#ln -s /usr/bin/python2.7 /usr/bin/python

3. 解决yum无法使用的问题

~#yum update
There was a problem importing one of the Python modules
required to run yum. The error leading to this problem was:

  No module named yum

Please install a package which provides this module, or
verify that the module is installed correctly.

It's possible that the above module doesn't match the
current version of Python, which is:
2.7.3 (default, Dec 18 2013, 15:43:35) 
[GCC 4.4.7 20120313 (Red Hat 4.4.7-4)]

If you cannot solve this problem yourself, please go to 
the yum faq at:
 http://yum.baseurl.org/wiki/Faq

因为centos 6.4 下yum默认使用的是python2.6

vi /usr/bin/yum
----------------------------------------------------
#!/usr/bin/python
import sys
try:
  import yum
except ImportError:
.......

修改为

#!/usr/bin/python2.6
........

4. 安装python-pip工具

先安装setup-tools

wget https://pypi.python.org/packages/2.7/s/setuptools/setuptools-0.6c11-py2.7.egg --no-check-certificate
chmod +x setuptools-0.6c11-py2.7.egg
sh setuptools-0.6c11-py2.7.egg

安装pip

wget https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/p/pip/pip-1.3.1.tar.gz --no-check-certificate
cp pip-1.3.1.tar.gz /usr/src/
tar zxvf pip-1.3.1.tar.gz
cd pip-1.3.1
python setup.py install
ln -s /usr/local/python2.7/bin/pip /usr/bin/pip