Python与Pygame基础拼图游戏实现

Theo

发布时间：2026-10-12| 2人浏览过

原创

本文提供基于Python与Pygame开发的3×3网格拼图游戏完整实现方案。通过一维数组映射棋盘状态、键盘与鼠标事件监听及Surface图像分块绘制，可实现图块滑动交互。完整代码涵盖窗口初始化、随机布局打乱、边界碰撞检测与通关判定逻辑，适合初学者快速掌握桌面图形编程基础。

运行环境准备

该项目依赖第三方图形库 pygame。在终端或命令行执行以下命令即可完成安装：

pip install pygame

程序默认读取同级目录下的 pic.bmp 作为拼图底图。请提前准备一张宽度与高度均为 3 的倍数的 BMP 格式图片，并将其重命名为 pic.bmp 放置在脚本同一目录下，否则运行时会抛出文件未找到异常。

核心逻辑与完整代码

游戏盘面采用长度为 9 的一维列表存储，其中数字 -1 代表空白格。核心运行逻辑分为状态初始化、随机打乱、事件捕获、画面刷新四个部分。

import pygame, sys, random
from pygame.locals import *

# 基础常量配置
WINDOWWIDTH = 500
WINDOWHEIGHT = 500
BACKGROUNDCOLOR = (255, 255, 255)
BLUE = (0, 0, 255)
BLACK = (0, 0, 0)
FPS = 40
VHNUMS = 3                 # 网格行列数
CELLNUMS = VHNUMS * VHNUMS
MAXRANDTIME = 100          # 初始随机打乱步数

def terminate():
    pygame.quit()
    sys.exit()

def newGameBoard():
    board = []
    for i in range(CELLNUMS):
        board.append(i)
    blackCell = CELLNUMS - 1
    board[blackCell] = -1
    # 随机交换空白格周围图块实现打乱
    for i in range(MAXRANDTIME):
        direction = random.randint(0, 3)
        if direction == 0:
            blackCell = moveLeft(board, blackCell)
        elif direction == 1:
            blackCell = moveRight(board, blackCell)
        elif direction == 2:
            blackCell = moveUp(board, blackCell)
        elif direction == 3:
            blackCell = moveDown(board, blackCell)
    return board, blackCell

def moveRight(board, blackCell):
    # 空白格不在最左列时，将右侧图块移入空白位
    if blackCell % VHNUMS == 0:
        return blackCell
    board[blackCell-1], board[blackCell] = board[blackCell], board[blackCell-1]
    return blackCell-1

def moveLeft(board, blackCell):
    # 空白格不在最右列时，将左侧图块移入空白位
    if blackCell % VHNUMS == VHNUMS-1:
        return blackCell
    board[blackCell+1], board[blackCell] = board[blackCell], board[blackCell+1]
    return blackCell+1

def moveDown(board, blackCell):
    # 空白格不在最上行时，将下方图块移入空白位
    if blackCell < VHNUMS:
        return blackCell
    board[blackCell-VHNUMS], board[blackCell] = board[blackCell], board[blackCell-VHNUMS]
    return blackCell-VHNUMS

def moveUp(board, blackCell):
    # 空白格不在最下行时，将上方图块移入空白位
    if blackCell >= CELLNUMS-VHNUMS:
        return blackCell
    board[blackCell+VHNUMS], board[blackCell] = board[blackCell], board[blackCell+VHNUMS]
    return blackCell+VHNUMS

def isFinished(board, blackCell):
    # 校验图块是否按 0~n-1 顺序排列
    for i in range(CELLNUMS-1):
        if board[i] != i:
            return False
    return True

# Pygame 初始化与窗口设置
pygame.init()
mainClock = pygame.time.Clock()
gameImage = pygame.image.load('pic.bmp')
gameRect = gameImage.get_rect()
windowSurface = pygame.display.set_mode((gameRect.width, gameRect.height))
pygame.display.set_caption('拼图游戏')
cellWidth = int(gameRect.width / VHNUMS)
cellHeight = int(gameRect.height / VHNUMS)
finish = False
gameBoard, blackCell = newGameBoard()

# 游戏主循环
while True:
    for event in pygame.event.get():
        if event.type == QUIT:
            terminate()
        if finish:
            continue
        if event.type == KEYDOWN:
            if event.key == K_LEFT or event.key == ord('a'):
                blackCell = moveLeft(gameBoard, blackCell)
            if event.key == K_RIGHT or event.key == ord('d'):
                blackCell = moveRight(gameBoard, blackCell)
            if event.key == K_UP or event.key == ord('w'):
                blackCell = moveUp(gameBoard, blackCell)
            if event.key == K_DOWN or event.key == ord('s'):
                blackCell = moveDown(gameBoard, blackCell)
        if event.type == MOUSEBUTTONDOWN and event.button == 1:
            x, y = pygame.mouse.get_pos()
            col = int(x / cellWidth)
            row = int(y / cellHeight)
            index = col + row * VHNUMS
            # 判断点击位置是否与空白格相邻
            if (index == blackCell-1 or index == blackCell+1 or index == blackCell-VHNUMS or index == blackCell+VHNUMS):
                gameBoard[blackCell], gameBoard[index] = gameBoard[index], gameBoard[blackCell]
                blackCell = index
                
    if isFinished(gameBoard, blackCell):
        gameBoard[blackCell] = CELLNUMS-1
        finish = True
        
    windowSurface.fill(BACKGROUNDCOLOR)
    # 分块绘制拼图画素
    for i in range(CELLNUMS):
        rowDst = int(i / VHNUMS)
        colDst = int(i % VHNUMS)
        rectDst = pygame.Rect(colDst*cellWidth, rowDst*cellHeight, cellWidth, cellHeight)
        if gameBoard[i] == -1:
            continue
        rowArea = int(gameBoard[i] / VHNUMS)
        colArea = int(gameBoard[i] % VHNUMS)
        rectArea = pygame.Rect(colArea*cellWidth, rowArea*cellHeight, cellWidth, cellHeight)
        windowSurface.blit(gameImage, rectDst, rectArea)
    
    # 绘制九宫格参考线
    for i in range(VHNUMS+1):
        pygame.draw.line(windowSurface, BLACK, (i*cellWidth, 0), (i*cellWidth, gameRect.height))
    for i in range(VHNUMS+1):
        pygame.draw.line(windowSurface, BLACK, (0, i*cellHeight), (gameRect.width, i*cellHeight))
        
    pygame.display.update()
    mainClock.tick(FPS)