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Python Tkinter实现简易计算器的完整代码与布局解析

拾柒
拾柒
发布时间：2026-10-12| 3人浏览过
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本文详细介绍如何使用Python的Tkinter库构建一个简易计算器。内容涵盖窗口布局设计、按钮样式设置、事件绑定机制以及核心计算逻辑的实现。通过解析代码结构，帮助读者理解GUI组件交互及eval函数的应用，适合Python初学者参考学习。

此前，笔者曾尝试利用Python开发一款简易计算器，并在原有基础上进行了多项更改与优化，最终将其完善为功能更完备的计算器应用。

实现流程

1. 计算机布局

2. 计算机执行逻辑

首先导入必要的模块：

Tkinter是Python中常用的GUI开发工具，它提供了图形界面软件所需的常用功能，包括十多种窗口控件、窗口布局管理器以及事件处理机制等。其优势在于开发效率高且代码简洁易读。

import tkinter as tk
#Python3标准安装包中自带tkinter，即不用安装，导入即可使用。
#可以从命令行运行python -m tkinter会打开一个窗口
#演示一个简单的Tk接口，证明tkinter已正确安装在系统上.
#python -m tkinter

计算器布局设计

1、首先完成整个计算器的整体布局，以及用于显示输出结果的一栏。

在确定整体布局后，进一步细化计算器中的各个按钮。

1、前四行代码用于定义按钮的符号、长宽尺寸、字体及颜色属性。

2、后四行代码用于设置按钮之间的间距。

root = tk.Tk()
root.title('计算器')
root.geometry('295x280+100+100') #边距
font = ('宋体', 20)
font_16 = ('宋体', 16)
root.attributes("-alpha", 0.9) #设置透明度
 
result_num = tk.StringVar() #赋予可变变量
result_num.set('')
 
tk.Label(root,
         textvariable=result_num, font=font, height=2,
         width=20, justify=tk.LEFT, anchor=tk.SE
         ).grid(row=1, column=1, columnspan=4) #显示结果的布局
 
 
button_clear = tk.Button(root, text='C', width=5, font=font_16, relief=tk.FLAT, bg='#b1b2b2') #定义按钮的符号、长宽、字体、颜色
button_back = tk.Button(root, text='←', width=5, font=font_16, relief=tk.FLAT, bg='#b1b2b2') #定义按钮的符号、长宽、字体、颜色
button_division = tk.Button(root, text='÷', width=5, font=font_16, relief=tk.FLAT, bg='#b1b2b2') #定义按钮的符号、长宽、字体、颜色
button_multiplication = tk.Button(root, text='×', width=5, font=font_16, relief=tk.FLAT, bg='#b1b2b2') #定义按钮的符号、长宽、字体、颜色
button_clear.grid(row=2, column=1, padx=4, pady=2)
button_back.grid(row=2, column=2, padx=4, pady=2)
button_division.grid(row=2, column=3, padx=4, pady=2)
button_multiplication.grid(row=2, column=4, padx=4, pady=2) #定义按钮位置
 
#依葫芦画瓢
button_seven = tk.Button(root, text='7', width=5, font=font_16, relief=tk.FLAT, bg='#eacda1')
button_eight = tk.Button(root, text='8', width=5, font=font_16, relief=tk.FLAT, bg='#eacda1')
button_nine = tk.Button(root, text='9', width=5, font=font_16, relief=tk.FLAT, bg='#eacda1')
button_subtraction = tk.Button(root, text='-', width=5, font=font_16, relief=tk.FLAT, bg='#b1b2b2')
button_seven.grid(row=3, column=1, padx=4, pady=2)
button_eight.grid(row=3, column=2, padx=4, pady=2)
button_nine.grid(row=3, column=3, padx=4, pady=2)
button_subtraction.grid(row=3, column=4, padx=4, pady=2)
 
#依葫芦画瓢
button_four = tk.Button(root, text='4', width=5, font=font_16, relief=tk.FLAT, bg='#eacda1')
button_five = tk.Button(root, text='5', width=5, font=font_16, relief=tk.FLAT, bg='#eacda1')
button_six = tk.Button(root, text='6', width=5, font=font_16, relief=tk.FLAT, bg='#eacda1')
button_addition = tk.Button(root, text='+', width=5, font=font_16, relief=tk.FLAT, bg='#b1b2b2')
button_four.grid(row=4, column=1, padx=4, pady=2)
button_five.grid(row=4, column=2, padx=4, pady=2)
button_six.grid(row=4, column=3, padx=4, pady=2)
button_addition.grid(row=4, column=4, padx=4, pady=2)
 
#依葫芦画瓢
button_one = tk.Button(root, text='1', width=5, font=font_16, relief=tk.FLAT, bg='#eacda1')
button_two = tk.Button(root, text='2', width=5, font=font_16, relief=tk.FLAT, bg='#eacda1')
button_three = tk.Button(root, text='3', width=5, font=font_16, relief=tk.FLAT, bg='#eacda1')
button_equal = tk.Button(root, text='=', width=5, font=font_16, relief=tk.FLAT, bg='#b1b2b2')
button_one.grid(row=5, column=1, padx=4, pady=2)
button_two.grid(row=5, column=2, padx=4, pady=2)
button_three.grid(row=5, column=3, padx=4, pady=2)
button_equal.grid(row=5, column=4, padx=4, pady=2)
 
 
button_zero1 = tk.Button(root, text=' ', width=5, font=font_16, relief=tk.FLAT, bg='#eacda1')
button_zero = tk.Button(root, text='0', width=5, font=font_16, relief=tk.FLAT, bg='#eacda1')
button_dot = tk.Button(root, text='.', width=5, font=font_16, relief=tk.FLAT, bg='#eacda1')
button_equal2 = tk.Button(root, text=' ', width=5, font=font_16, relief=tk.FLAT, bg='#b1b2b2')
button_zero1.grid(row=6, column=1, padx=4, pady=2)
button_zero.grid(row=6, column=2, padx=4, pady=2)
button_dot.grid(row=6, column=3, padx=4, pady=2)
button_equal2.grid(row=6, column=4, padx=4, pady=2)

计算机执行逻辑

在计算器布局（包括主体和细节）完成后，需赋予计算器实际的计算能力。

1、点击按钮后，实现结果在输出栏及计算器显示栏的呈现。

2、赋予按钮相应的事件处理能力。

def click_button(x):
    print('X:\t', x)
    result_num.set(result_num.get() + x)

点击按钮可输入对应结果，并调用lambda函数计算输入结果后反馈显示。

lambda函数是匿名的：所谓匿名函数，通俗地说就是没有名字的函数。lambda函数没有名字。 lambda函数有输入和输出：输入是传入到参数列表argument_list的值，输出是根据表达式expression计算得到的值。

button_one.config(command=lambda: click_button('1'))
button_two.config(command=lambda: click_button('2'))
button_three.config(command=lambda: click_button('3'))
button_four.config(command=lambda: click_button('4'))
button_five.config(command=lambda: click_button('5'))
button_six.config(command=lambda: click_button('6'))
button_seven.config(command=lambda: click_button('7'))
button_eight.config(command=lambda: click_button('8'))
button_nine.config(command=lambda: click_button('9'))
button_zero.config(command=lambda: click_button('0'))
button_dot.config(command=lambda: click_button('.'))
button_addition.config(command=lambda: click_button('+'))
button_subtraction.config(command=lambda: click_button('-'))
button_multiplication.config(command=lambda: click_button('*'))
button_division.config(command=lambda: click_button('/'))
button_clear.config(command=lambda: btnClearDisplay())
button_equal.config(command=calculation)

调用calculation函数用来计算输入结果，其中使用str来转化字符串。

调用btnClearDisplay函数来清空输入结果。

def calculation():
    opt_str = result_num.get()
    result = eval(opt_str)
    result_num.set(str(result))
 
 
def btnClearDisplay():
    opt_str = result_num.get()
    result = eval(str(opt_str))
    result_num.set("")

最后一行代码不需要触发lambda，因为不需要匿名函数也不用传递参数。

button_clear.config(command=lambda: btnClearDisplay())
button_equal.config(command=calculation)

代码展示

import tkinter as tk
 
root = tk.Tk()
root.title('计算器')
root.geometry('295x280+100+100')
font = ('宋体', 20)
font_16 = ('宋体', 16)
root.attributes("-alpha", 0.9)
 
result_num = tk.StringVar()
result_num.set('')
 
tk.Label(root,
         textvariable=result_num, font=font, height=2,
         width=20, justify=tk.LEFT, anchor=tk.SE
         ).grid(row=1, column=1, columnspan=4)
 
 
button_clear = tk.Button(root, text='C', width=5, font=font_16, relief=tk.FLAT, bg='#b1b2b2')
button_back = tk.Button(root, text='←', width=5, font=font_16, relief=tk.FLAT, bg='#b1b2b2')
button_division = tk.Button(root, text='÷', width=5, font=font_16, relief=tk.FLAT, bg='#b1b2b2')
button_multiplication = tk.Button(root, text='×', width=5, font=font_16, relief=tk.FLAT, bg='#b1b2b2')
button_clear.grid(row=2, column=1, padx=4, pady=2)
button_back.grid(row=2, column=2, padx=4, pady=2)
button_division.grid(row=2, column=3, padx=4, pady=2)
button_multiplication.grid(row=2, column=4, padx=4, pady=2)
 
 
button_seven = tk.Button(root, text='7', width=5, font=font_16, relief=tk.FLAT, bg='#eacda1')
button_eight = tk.Button(root, text='8', width=5, font=font_16, relief=tk.FLAT, bg='#eacda1')
button_nine = tk.Button(root, text='9', width=5, font=font_16, relief=tk.FLAT, bg='#eacda1')
button_subtraction = tk.Button(root, text='-', width=5, font=font_16, relief=tk.FLAT, bg='#b1b2b2')
button_seven.grid(row=3, column=1, padx=4, pady=2)
button_eight.grid(row=3, column=2, padx=4, pady=2)
button_nine.grid(row=3, column=3, padx=4, pady=2)
button_subtraction.grid(row=3, column=4, padx=4, pady=2)
 
button_four = tk.Button(root, text='4', width=5, font=font_16, relief=tk.FLAT, bg='#eacda1')
button_five = tk.Button(root, text='5', width=5, font=font_16, relief=tk.FLAT, bg='#eacda1')
button_six = tk.Button(root, text='6', width=5, font=font_16, relief=tk.FLAT, bg='#eacda1')
button_addition = tk.Button(root, text='+', width=5, font=font_16, relief=tk.FLAT, bg='#b1b2b2')
button_four.grid(row=4, column=1, padx=4, pady=2)
button_five.grid(row=4, column=2, padx=4, pady=2)
button_six.grid(row=4, column=3, padx=4, pady=2)
button_addition.grid(row=4, column=4, padx=4, pady=2)
 
 
button_one = tk.Button(root, text='1', width=5, font=font_16, relief=tk.FLAT, bg='#eacda1')
button_two = tk.Button(root, text='2', width=5, font=font_16, relief=tk.FLAT, bg='#eacda1')
button_three = tk.Button(root, text='3', width=5, font=font_16, relief=tk.FLAT, bg='#eacda1')
button_equal = tk.Button(root, text='=', width=5, font=font_16, relief=tk.FLAT, bg='#b1b2b2')
button_one.grid(row=5, column=1, padx=4, pady=2)
button_two.grid(row=5, column=2, padx=4, pady=2)
button_three.grid(row=5, column=3, padx=4, pady=2)
button_equal.grid(row=5, column=4, padx=4, pady=2)
 
 
button_zero1 = tk.Button(root, text=' ', width=5, font=font_16, relief=tk.FLAT, bg='#eacda1')
button_zero = tk.Button(root, text='0', width=5, font=font_16, relief=tk.FLAT, bg='#eacda1')
button_dot = tk.Button(root, text='.', width=5, font=font_16, relief=tk.FLAT, bg='#eacda1')
button_equal2 = tk.Button(root, text=' ', width=5, font=font_16, relief=tk.FLAT, bg='#b1b2b2')
button_zero1.grid(row=6, column=1, padx=4, pady=2)
button_zero.grid(row=6, column=2, padx=4, pady=2)
button_dot.grid(row=6, column=3, padx=4, pady=2)
button_equal2.grid(row=6, column=4, padx=4, pady=2)
 
 
def click_button(x):
    print('X:\t', x)
    result_num.set(result_num.get() + x)
 
 
def calculation():
    opt_str = result_num.get()
    result = eval(opt_str)
    result_num.set(str(result))
 
 
def btnClearDisplay():
    opt_str = result_num.get()
    result = eval(str(opt_str))
    result_num.set("")
 
 
button_one.config(command=lambda: click_button('1'))
button_two.config(command=lambda: click_button('2'))
button_three.config(command=lambda: click_button('3'))
button_four.config(command=lambda: click_button('4'))
button_five.config(command=lambda: click_button('5'))
button_six.config(command=lambda: click_button('6'))
button_seven.config(command=lambda: click_button('7'))
button_eight.config(command=lambda: click_button('8'))
button_nine.config(command=lambda: click_button('9'))
button_zero.config(command=lambda: click_button('0'))
button_dot.config(command=lambda: click_button('.'))
button_addition.config(command=lambda: click_button('+'))
button_subtraction.config(command=lambda: click_button('-'))
button_multiplication.config(command=lambda: click_button('*'))
button_division.config(command=lambda: click_button('/'))
button_clear.config(command=lambda: btnClearDisplay())
button_equal.config(command=calculation)
 
 
root.mainloop()

运行展示

可以看到计算器的页面特别好看，跟着我一起学python，成就感满满 ！！！

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