Python使用prettytable库实现类似MySQL的表格格式化输出
发布时间：2026-10-15| 5人浏览过
本文介绍Python中prettytable库的使用方法，该库可将数据以类似MySQL客户端的格式输出。内容涵盖添加表头与行列、指定行列输出、设置表格样式（如DEFAULT、MSWORD_FRIENDLY等）、调整列对齐方式及自定义边框字符，帮助开发者在控制台生成结构清晰、美观的文本表格。
楔子
在使用 MySQL 客户端执行查询时，结果通常以如下格式呈现：
这种展示方式清晰美观。Python 提供了一个名为 prettytable 的第三方模块，专门用于实现上述格式的表格输出，下面将介绍其具体用法。
添加表头、添加行、添加列
与数据库表类似，表格由表头（字段名）和各行数据组成。
from prettytable import PrettyTable
# 传入的 name、age、country 相当于表头
tb = PrettyTable(["name", "age", "country"])
# 调用 add_row 添加行记录
tb.add_row(["Jack Morrison", 49, "America"])
tb.add_row(["Shimada Genji", 35, "Japan"])
tb.add_row(["Shimada Hanzo", 38, "Japan"])
tb.add_row(["Angela Ziegler", 37, "Switzerland"])
print(tb)
"""
+----------------+-----+-------------+
| name | age | country |
+----------------+-----+-------------+
| Jack Morrison | 49 | America |
| Shimada Genji | 35 | Japan |
| Shimada Hanzo | 38 | Japan |
| Angela Ziegler | 37 | Switzerland |
+----------------+-----+-------------+
"""若在编写过程中需要临时插入一列，prettytable 同样支持该操作。
from prettytable import PrettyTable
tb = PrettyTable(["name", "age", "country"])
tb.add_row(["Jack Morrison", 49, "America"])
tb.add_row(["Shimada Genji", 35, "Japan"])
tb.add_row(["Shimada Hanzo", 38, "Japan"])
tb.add_row(["Angela Ziegler", 37, "Switzerland"])
# 调用 add_column 添加一列
tb.add_column("gender",
["male", "male", "male", "female"])
print(tb)
"""
+----------------+-----+-------------+--------+
| name | age | country | gender |
+----------------+-----+-------------+--------+
| Jack Morrison | 49 | America | male |
| Shimada Genji | 35 | Japan | male |
| Shimada Hanzo | 38 | Japan | male |
| Angela Ziegler | 37 | Switzerland | female |
+----------------+-----+-------------+--------+
"""输出效果是否与 MySQL 数据库显示相似？
此外，prettytable 支持从 csv、数据库、html 等数据源导入数据。不过，通常从数据源读取数据并处理时我们会使用 pandas。使用 prettytable 的主要目的是将程序中产生的信息以结构化形式打印，较少直接从文件或数据库读取数据。
输出指定行、指定列
我们还可以输出表格的特定行或特定列。
from prettytable import PrettyTable
tb = PrettyTable(["name", "age", "country", "gender"])
tb.add_row(["Jack Morrison", 49, "America", "male"])
tb.add_row(["Shimada Genji", 35, "Japan", "male"])
tb.add_row(["Shimada Hanzo", 38, "Japan", "male"])
tb.add_row(["Angela Ziegler", 37, "Switzerland", "female"])
# 只输出 name 和 age 两列
# start 和 end 表示开始和结束的行数(从 0 开始)
print(tb.get_string(fields=["name", "age"],
start=1, end=3))
"""
+---------------+-----+
| name | age |
+---------------+-----+
| Shimada Genji | 35 |
| Shimada Hanzo | 38 |
+---------------+-----+
"""
# 此外可以用来进行排序
print(tb.get_string(sortby="age", reversesort=True))
"""
+----------------+-----+-------------+--------+
| name | age | country | gender |
+----------------+-----+-------------+--------+
| Jack Morrison | 49 | America | male |
| Shimada Hanzo | 38 | Japan | male |
| Angela Ziegler | 37 | Switzerland | female |
| Shimada Genji | 35 | Japan | male |
+----------------+-----+-------------+--------+
"""设置表格样式
表格支持多种不同的样式供选择。
from prettytable import *
tb = PrettyTable(["name", "age", "country", "gender"])
tb.add_row(["Jack Morrison", 49, "America", "male"])
tb.add_row(["Shimada Genji", 35, "Japan", "male"])
tb.add_row(["Shimada Hanzo", 38, "Japan", "male"])
tb.add_row(["Angela Ziegler", 37, "Switzerland", "female"])
# 样式支持以下几种：
# DEFAULT、MSWORD_FRIENDLY、PLAIN_COLUMNS、RANDOM
# 之前的样式就是 DEFAULT
tb.set_style(MSWORD_FRIENDLY)
print(tb)
"""
| name | age | country | gender |
| Jack Morrison | 49 | America | male |
| Shimada Genji | 35 | Japan | male |
| Shimada Hanzo | 38 | Japan | male |
| Angela Ziegler | 37 | Switzerland | female |
"""
tb.set_style(PLAIN_COLUMNS)
print(tb)
"""
name age country gender
Jack Morrison 49 America male
Shimada Genji 35 Japan male
Shimada Hanzo 38 Japan male
Angela Ziegler 37 Switzerland female
"""
tb.set_style(RANDOM)
print(tb)
"""
;+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++;
. name age country gender .
;+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++;
. Jack Morrison 49 America male .
. Shimada Genji 35 Japan male .
. Shimada Hanzo 38 Japan male .
. Angela Ziegler 37 Switzerland female .
;+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++;
"""实际上，默认的 DEFAULT 样式视觉效果最佳。
设置对齐方式
from prettytable import *
tb = PrettyTable(["name", "age", "country", "gender"])
tb.add_row(["Jack Morrison", 49, "America", "male"])
tb.add_row(["Shimada Genji", 35, "Japan", "male"])
tb.add_row(["Shimada Hanzo", 38, "Japan", "male"])
tb.add_row(["Angela Ziegler", 37, "Switzerland", "female"])
# l 代表左对齐，c 代表居中，r 代表右对齐
# 默认居中
tb.align["name"] = "l"
tb.align["age"] = "c"
tb.align["country"] = "r"
print(tb)
"""
+----------------+-----+-------------+--------+
| name | age | country | gender |
+----------------+-----+-------------+--------+
| Jack Morrison | 49 | America | male |
| Shimada Genji | 35 | Japan | male |
| Shimada Hanzo | 38 | Japan | male |
| Angela Ziegler | 37 | Switzerland | female |
+----------------+-----+-------------+--------+
"""设置边框样式
在 PrettyTable 中，边框由横边框、竖边框和边框连接符三部分组成，这些均可进行修改。
from prettytable import *
tb = PrettyTable(["name", "age", "country", "gender"])
tb.add_row(["Jack Morrison", 49, "America", "male"])
tb.add_row(["Shimada Genji", 35, "Japan", "male"])
tb.add_row(["Shimada Hanzo", 38, "Japan", "male"])
tb.add_row(["Angela Ziegler", 37, "Switzerland", "female"])
# 是否显示边框，默认为True
tb.border = True
# 横边框
tb.horizontal_char = '^'
# 竖边框
tb.vertical_char = '>'
# 边框连接符
tb.junction_char='~'
print(tb)
"""
~^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^~^^^^^~^^^^^^^^^^^^^~^^^^^^^^~
> name > age > country > gender >
~^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^~^^^^^~^^^^^^^^^^^^^~^^^^^^^^~
> Jack Morrison > 49 > America > male >
> Shimada Genji > 35 > Japan > male >
> Shimada Hanzo > 38 > Japan > male >
> Angela Ziegler > 37 > Switzerland > female >
~^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^~^^^^^~^^^^^^^^^^^^^~^^^^^^^^~
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