Python实现简易学生成绩管理系统：完整代码与功能解析
发布时间：2026-10-15| 4人浏览过
本文提供基于Python的学生成绩管理系统完整实现代码。系统采用文本文件存储数据，支持学生信息的录入、查询、删除、修改、按总分排序及统计功能。通过交互式菜单实现增删改查（CRUD）操作，适合Python初学者理解文件IO、列表字典处理及模块化编程逻辑。
Python学生成绩管理系统概述
本文分享了一套使用Python编写的学生成绩管理系统示例代码，供读者参考学习。
系统功能需求分析
系统主要需求如下：
核心代码实现与逻辑解析
具体实现代码如下：
系统主循环与菜单交互
import os
filename = 'student.txt'
def main():
while True:
menu()
choice = int(input("请选择："))
if choice in [0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7]:
if choice==0:
answer = input("你确定要退出吗？y/n")
if answer =='y' or answer =='Y':
print("谢谢使用！")
break
else:
continue
elif choice ==1:
insert()
elif choice ==2:
search()
elif choice ==3:
delete()
elif choice ==4:
modify()
elif choice ==5:
sort()
elif choice ==6:
total()
else:
show()
# 菜单
def menu():
print("====================学生成绩管理系统=========================")
print("======================功能菜单==============================")
print("\t\t1、录入学生信息")
print("\t\t2、查找学生信息")
print("\t\t3、删除学生信息")
print("\t\t4、修改学生信息")
print("\t\t5、排序")
print("\t\t6、统计学生人数")
print("\t\t7、显示所有学生信息")
print("\t\t0、退出系统")
print("--------------------------------------------------------------")
# 插入
def insert():
student_list=[]
while True:
id = input('请输入ID(如1001):')
if not id:
break
name = input('请输入姓名：')
if not name:
break
try:
english=int(input("input english grade："))
python=int(input("input python grade："))
java=int(input("input java grade："))
except:
print("输入成绩无效！重新输入！")
continue
student = {'id':id,'name':name,'english':english,'python':python,'java':java}
student_list.append(student)
answer = input("是否继续添加信息！？：'y/n'")
if answer == 'y':
continue
else:
break
# 调用save函数将其保存在文本当中
save(student_list)
print("学生信息录入成功！")
# 保存
def save(lst):
try:
stu_txt = open(filename,'a',encoding='utf-8')
except:
stu_txt = open(filename,'w',encoding='utf-8')
for item in lst:
stu_txt.write(str(item)+'\n')
stu_txt.close()
# 搜索
def search():
while True:
student_name = input("请输入你要查找的学生姓名：")
if student_name:
if os.path.exists(filename):
with open(filename,'r',encoding='utf-8') as rfile:
student_old = rfile.readlines()
else:
student_old = []
if student_old:
d = {}
flag = False
for item in student_old:
d = dict(eval(item))
if d['name'] == student_name:
flag = True
student_show(d)
else:
pass
else:
print("无学生信息，请添加！")
if flag:
print("查询成功")
else:
print("查询失败")
else:
print("没有输入学生姓名！")
answer = input("请问是否继续查询：y/n")
if answer == "y":
continue
else:
break
# 展示个人信息
def student_show(dic):
format_title = '{:^6}\t{:^12}\t{:^8}\t{:^10}\t{:^10}\t{:^8}'
print(format_title.format('ID','姓名','英语成绩','python成绩','java成绩','总成绩'))
format_data = '{:^6}\t{:^12}\t{:^8}\t{:^10}\t{:^10}\t{:^8}'
print(format_data.format(dic.get('id'),
dic.get('name'),
dic.get('english'),
dic.get('python'),
dic.get('java'),
int(dic.get('english'))+int(dic.get('python'))+int(dic.get('java')),
))
# 删除
def delete():
while True:
student_id = input("请输入要删除的学生ID：")
if student_id:
if os.path.exists(filename):
with open(filename,'r',encoding='utf-8') as file:
student_old = file.readlines()
else:
student_old=[]
flag = False
if student_old:
with open(filename,'w',encoding='utf-8') as wfile:
d={}
for item in student_old:
d = dict(eval(item))
if d['id']!=student_id:
wfile.write(str(d)+"\n")
else:
flag = True
if flag:
print(f"{student_id}已经被删除！")
else:
print(f"{student_id}没有找到!")
else:
print("无学生信息！")
break
show()
answer = input("是否继续删除？y/n")
if answer == 'y':
continue
else:
break
else:
print("请输入要删除的ID：")
continue
# 修改
def modify():
while True:
student_id = input("请输入要修改的学生ID：")
if student_id:
if os.path.exists(filename):
with open(filename,'r',encoding='utf-8') as file:
student_old = file.readlines()
else:
student_old=[]
if student_old:
with open(filename,'w',encoding='utf-8') as wfile:
d = {}
for item in student_old:
d = dict(eval(item))
if d['id'] == student_id:
answer = input('已经找到该学生信息，是否修改：y/n？')
flag = False
if answer:
d['name']=input("姓名：")
d['english']=int(input("english："))
d['python']=int(input("python："))
d['java']=int(input("java："))
wfile.write(str(d)+"\n")
flag = True
else:
wfile.write(str(d)+"\n")
break
else:
wfile.write(str(d)+"\n")
if flag:
print("修改成功！")
else:
print("修改失败！")
else:
print("无学生信息，请添加")
answer = input("请问是否继续修改？y/n")
if answer == "y":
continue
else:
break
else:
print("输入错误！")
# 排序
def sort():
while True:
if os.path.exists(filename):
with open(filename,'r',encoding='utf-8') as file:
student_old = file.readlines()
student_new = []
d={}
for item in student_old:
d=dict(eval(item))
student_new.append(d)
asc_and_desc = int(input("怎么排序:0 升序 1 降序："))
choice = int(input("按照什么排序:1 english 2 python 3 java 0 总成绩："))
if choice == 1:
student_new.sort(key=lambda x:int(x['english']),reverse=asc_and_desc)
elif choice == 2:
student_new.sort(key=lambda x:int(x['python']),reverse=asc_and_desc)
elif choice == 3:
student_new.sort(key=lambda x:int(x['java']),reverse=asc_and_desc)
elif choice == 0:
student_new.sort(key=lambda x:int(x['english'])+int(x['python'])+int(x['java']),reverse=asc_and_desc)
else:
print("输入有误")
sort()
else:
print("无学生信息")
format_title = '{:^6}\t{:^12}\t{:^8}\t{:^10}\t{:^10}\t{:^8}'
print(format_title.format('ID','姓名','英语成绩','python成绩','java成绩','总成绩'))
format_data = '{:^6}\t{:^12}\t{:^8}\t{:^10}\t{:^10}\t{:^8}'
for dic in student_new:
print(format_data.format(dic.get('id'),
dic.get('name'),
dic.get('english'),
dic.get('python'),
dic.get('java'),
int(dic.get('english'))+int(dic.get('python'))+int(dic.get('java')),
))
answer = input("请问是否继续排序？y/n")
if answer == "y":
continue
else:
break
# 总人数
def total():
if os.path.exists(filename):
with open(filename,'r',encoding='utf-8') as file:
student_old = file.readlines()
print('一共有',len(student_old),'名学生！')
else:
print("无人员资料")
import msvcrt
msvcrt.getch()
# 展示
def show():
if os.path.exists(filename):
with open(filename,'r',encoding='utf-8') as file:
student_old = file.readlines()
d = {}
students = []
for item in student_old:
d = dict(eval(item))
students.append(d)
else:
print("没有信息！")
if len(students):
format_title = '{:^6}\t{:^12}\t{:^8}\t{:^10}\t{:^10}\t{:^8}'
print(format_title.format('ID','姓名','英语成绩','python成绩','java成绩','总成绩'))
format_data = '{:^6}\t{:^12}\t{:^8}\t{:^10}\t{:^10}\t{:^8}'
for dic in students:
print(format_data.format(dic.get('id'),
dic.get('name'),
dic.get('english'),
dic.get('python'),
dic.get('java'),
int(dic.get('english'))+int(dic.get('python'))+int(dic.get('java')),
))
else:
print("无人员信息！")
import msvcrt
msvcrt.getch()
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()总结与展望
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