Python实现Excel表格S型彩色填充与样式设置

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发布时间：2026-10-15| 4人浏览过

原创

本文介绍如何使用Python的openpyxl库实现Excel表格的彩色填充。通过S型数组遍历算法，程序能够按特定逻辑为不同区域分配颜色。文章提供了完整的代码示例，展示如何设置单元格背景色、边框及保存文件，适合需要自动化生成格式化Excel报表的开发者参考。

需求：

需求看似简单，但最后部分的遍历逻辑颇具趣味：采用S型数组赋值方式，需综合考虑下标变化，属于基础编程题。

先实现一个大致符合要求的版本。


m = 5
cols = 9
rows = 4
nums = [0, 1]
array = [[-1 for _ in range(9)] for _ in range(4)]
i, j = 0, 0
t = 0
index = -1
while t < cols * rows:
    if i % rows == 0 and i > 0:
        j += 1
        i -= 1
    if i < 0:
        j += 1
        i += 1
    # if t % m == 0:
    #     index = (index + 1) % len(nums)
    array[i][j] = t  # index
    if j % 2 == 0:  # 0,2,..2n 下
        i += 1
    else:  # 1,3, 2n+1 上
        i -= 1
    t += 1
 
for i in range(4):
    print(array[i])

需求代码：


from openpyxl import Workbook
from openpyxl.styles import PatternFill, Side, Border
 
# 仿照excel格式
# excel文件路径
file_path = 'C:/Users/Lenovo/Desktop/工作簿2.xlsx'
 
colors = ['000000', '44546A', 'CC00FF', '00008B']
colorsLen = len(colors)
fills = [PatternFill("solid", fgColor=color) for color in colors]
workbook = Workbook()
sheet = workbook.create_sheet("Sheet1", 0)
rows, cols = 19, 9
colorIndex = -1
block_height = 5
 
# 按行
for i in range(int(rows / block_height)):
    for j in range(cols):
        colorIndex = (colorIndex + 1) % colorsLen
        for p in range(block_height):
            row = block_height * i + p
            col = j 
            cell = sheet.cell(column=col + 1, row=row + 1)
            cell.fill = fills[colorIndex]
            cell.border = Border(left=Side(style='thin'),
                                 right=Side(style='thin'),
                                 top=Side(style='thin'),
                                 bottom=Side(style='thin'))
 
# 按列
if rows % block_height != 0:
    newRows = rows % block_height
    preRows = rows - rows % newRows - 1
    newCols = cols
    i, j = 0, 0
    t = 0
    while t < newCols * newRows:
        if i % newRows == 0 and i > 0:
            j += 1
            i -= 1
        if i < 0:
            j += 1
            i += 1
        if t % block_height == 0:
            colorIndex = (colorIndex + 1) % colorsLen
        cell = sheet.cell(column=j + 1, row=preRows + i + 1)
        cell.fill = fills[colorIndex]
        cell.border = Border(left=Side(style='thin'),
                             right=Side(style='thin'),
                             top=Side(style='thin'),
                             bottom=Side(style='thin'))
        if j % 2 == 0:  # 0,2,..2n 下
            i += 1
        else:  # 1,3, 2n+1 上
            i -= 1
        t += 1
 
workbook.save(file_path)
 
# 下面是学习读取的部分代码
# wb = openpyxl.load_workbook(file_path)
# sheet_name = 'Sheet1'
# sheet = wb.get_sheet_by_name(sheet_name)
# for r in range(1, sheet.max_row + 1):
#     for c in range(1, sheet.max_column + 1):
#         item = sheet.cell(row=r, column=c)
#         print(item, end=' ')
#     print()
# wb.save(file_path)