Python基于TCP Socket实现群聊与私聊聊天室

顾言

发布时间：2026-10-15| 3人浏览过

原创

本文介绍使用Python socket模块结合多线程技术实现一个基于TCP协议的C/S架构聊天室。服务端通过独立线程管理每个客户端连接并分发消息，客户端采用收发分离的双线程机制避免阻塞。支持群聊与私聊功能，协议基于JSON字符串，代码包含完整的服务器与客户端实现逻辑。

概要

本示例展示如何使用Python实现一个基础的聊天室功能，涵盖群聊与私聊两种交互模式。系统基于TCP协议构建C/S（客户端/服务器）架构，利用Socket编程完成网络通信。

实现思路

x01 服务端的建立

服务端核心逻辑依赖于socket模块接收客户端连接请求。每当接收到一个新的socket连接，系统即启动一个独立线程负责该连接的消息收发与分发。同时，存在一个统一的handler组件来管理所有活跃线程，从而协调聊天室的各项功能处理。

x02 客户端的建立

相较于服务端，客户端的实现逻辑更为简化。客户端主要职责是发送和接收消息，并通过遵循特定规则输入字符以触发不同功能。因此，客户端仅需配置两个线程：一个专门用于接收消息，另一个专门用于发送消息。

之所以不合并收发功能至单一线程，是因为若共用一个线程，当接收消息时，发送操作将处于阻塞状态；反之，发送时接收也会阻塞。若将两者置于同一执行流，会导致无法连续发送或接收消息，造成交互中断。

实现方式

服务端实现


import json
import threading
from socket import *
from time import ctime


class PyChattingServer:
    __socket = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)
    __address = ('', 12231)

    __buf = 1024

    def __init__(self):
        self.__socket.bind(self.__address)
        self.__socket.listen(20)
        self.__msg_handler = ChattingHandler()

    def start_session(self):
        print('等待客户连接...\r\n')
        try:
            while True:
                cs, caddr = self.__socket.accept()
                # 利用handler来管理线程,实现线程之间的socket的相互通信
                self.__msg_handler.start_thread(cs, caddr)
        except socket.error:
            pass


class ChattingThread(threading.Thread):
    __buf = 1024

    def __init__(self, cs, caddr, msg_handler):
        super(ChattingThread, self).__init__()
        self.__cs = cs
        self.__caddr = caddr
        self.__msg_handler = msg_handler

    # 使用多线程管理会话
    def run(self):
        try:
            print('...连接来自于:', self.__caddr)
            data = '欢迎你到来PY_CHATTING！请输入你的很cooooool的昵称(不能带有空格哟`)\r\n'
            self.__cs.sendall(bytes(data, 'utf-8'))
            while True:
                data = self.__cs.recv(self.__buf).decode('utf-8')
                if not data:
                    break
                self.__msg_handler.handle_msg(data, self.__cs)
                print(data)
        except socket.error as e:
            print(e.args)
            pass
        finally:
            self.__msg_handler.close_conn(self.__cs)
            self.__cs.close()


class ChattingHandler:
    __help_str = "[ SYSTEM ]\r\n" \
                 "输入/ls,即可获得所有登陆用户信息\r\n" \
                 "输入/h,即可获得帮助\r\n" \
                 "输入@用户名 (注意用户名后面的空格)+消息,即可发动单聊\r\n" \
                 "输入/i,即可屏蔽群聊信息\r\n" \
                 "再次输入/i,即可取消屏蔽\r\n" \
                 "所有首字符为/的信息都不会发送出去"

    __buf = 1024
    __socket_list = []

    __user_name_to_socket = {}
    __socket_to_user_name = {}

    __user_name_to_broadcast_state = {}

    def start_thread(self, cs, caddr):
        self.__socket_list.append(cs)
        chat_thread = ChattingThread(cs, caddr, self)
        chat_thread.start()

    def close_conn(self, cs):
        if cs not in self.__socket_list:
            return
        # 去除socket的记录
        nickname = "SOMEONE"
        if cs in self.__socket_list:
            self.__socket_list.remove(cs)
        # 去除socket与username之间的映射关系
        if cs in self.__socket_to_user_name:
            nickname = self.__socket_to_user_name[cs]
            self.__user_name_to_socket.pop(self.__socket_to_user_name[cs])
            self.__socket_to_user_name.pop(cs)
            self.__user_name_to_broadcast_state.pop(nickname)
        nickname += " "
        # 广播某玩家退出聊天室
        self.broadcast_system_msg(nickname + "离开了PY_CHATTING")

    # 管理用户输入的信息
    def handle_msg(self, msg, cs):
        js = json.loads(msg)
        if js['type'] == "login":
            if js['msg'] not in self.__user_name_to_socket:
                if ' ' in js['msg']:
                    self.send_to(json.dumps({
                        'type': 'login',
                        'success': False,
                        'msg': '账号不能够带有空格'
                    }), cs)
                else:
                    self.__user_name_to_socket[js['msg']] = cs
                    self.__socket_to_user_name[cs] = js['msg']
                    self.__user_name_to_broadcast_state[js['msg']] = True
                    self.send_to(json.dumps({
                        'type': 'login',
                        'success': True,
                        'msg': '昵称建立成功,输入/ls可查看所有在线的人,输入/help可以查看帮助(所有首字符为/的消息都不会发送)'
                    }), cs)
                    # 广播其他人,他已经进入聊天室
                    self.broadcast_system_msg(js['msg'] + "已经进入了聊天室")
            else:
                self.send_to(json.dumps({
                    'type': 'login',
                    'success': False,
                    'msg': '账号已存在'
                }), cs)
        # 若玩家处于屏蔽模式,则无法发送群聊消息
        elif js['type'] == "broadcast":
            if self.__user_name_to_broadcast_state[self.__socket_to_user_name[cs]]:
                self.broadcast(js['msg'], cs)
            else:
                self.send_to(json.dumps({
                    'type': 'broadcast',
                    'msg': '屏蔽模式下无法发送群聊信息'
                }), cs)
        elif js['type'] == "ls":
            self.send_to(json.dumps({
                'type': 'ls',
                'msg': self.get_all_login_user_info()
            }), cs)
        elif js['type'] == "help":
            self.send_to(json.dumps({
                'type': 'help',
                'msg': self.__help_str
            }), cs)
        elif js['type'] == "sendto":
            self.single_chatting(cs, js['nickname'], js['msg'])
        elif js['type'] == "ignore":
            self.exchange_ignore_state(cs)

    def exchange_ignore_state(self, cs):
        if cs in self.__socket_to_user_name:
            state = self.__user_name_to_broadcast_state[self.__socket_to_user_name[cs]]
            if state:
                state = False
            else:
                state = True
            self.__user_name_to_broadcast_state.pop(self.__socket_to_user_name[cs])
            self.__user_name_to_broadcast_state[self.__socket_to_user_name[cs]] = state
            if self.__user_name_to_broadcast_state[self.__socket_to_user_name[cs]]:
                msg = "通常模式"
            else:
                msg = "屏蔽模式"
            self.send_to(json.dumps({
                'type': 'ignore',
                'success': True,
                'msg': '[TIME : %s]\r\n[ SYSTEM ] : %s\r\n' % (ctime(), "模式切换成功,现在是" + msg)
            }), cs)
        else:
            self.send_to({
                'type': 'ignore',
                'success': False,
                'msg': '切换失败'
            }, cs)

    def single_chatting(self, cs, nickname, msg):
        if nickname in self.__user_name_to_socket:
            msg = '[TIME : %s]\r\n[ %s CHATTING TO %s ] : %s\r\n' % (
                ctime(), self.__socket_to_user_name[cs], nickname, msg)
            self.send_to_list(json.dumps({
                'type': 'single',
                'msg': msg
            }), self.__user_name_to_socket[nickname], cs)
        else:
            self.send_to(json.dumps({
                'type': 'single',
                'msg': '该用户不存在'
            }), cs)
        print(nickname)

    def send_to_list(self, msg, *cs):
        for i in range(len(cs)):
            self.send_to(msg, cs[i])

    def get_all_login_user_info(self):
        login_list = "[ SYSTEM ] ALIVE USER : \r\n"
        for key in self.__socket_to_user_name:
            login_list += self.__socket_to_user_name[key] + ",\r\n"
        return login_list

    def send_to(self, msg, cs):
        if cs not in self.__socket_list:
            self.__socket_list.append(cs)
        cs.sendall(bytes(msg, 'utf-8'))

    def broadcast_system_msg(self, msg):
        data = '[TIME : %s]\r\n[ SYSTEM ] : %s\r\n' % (ctime(), msg)
        js = json.dumps({
            'type': 'system_msg',
            'msg': data
        })
        # 屏蔽了群聊的玩家也可以获得系统的群发信息
        for i in range(len(self.__socket_list)):
            if self.__socket_list[i] in self.__socket_to_user_name:
                self.__socket_list[i].sendall(bytes(js, 'utf-8'))

    def broadcast(self, msg, cs):
        data = '[TIME : %s]\r\n[%s] : %s\r\n' % (ctime(), self.__socket_to_user_name[cs], msg)
        js = json.dumps({
            'type': 'broadcast',
            'msg': data
        })
        # 没有的登陆的玩家无法得知消息,屏蔽了群聊的玩家也没办法获取信息
        for i in range(len(self.__socket_list)):
            if self.__socket_list[i] in self.__socket_to_user_name \
                    and self.__user_name_to_broadcast_state[self.__socket_to_user_name[self.__socket_list[i]]]:
                self.__socket_list[i].sendall(bytes(js, 'utf-8'))


def main():
    server = PyChattingServer()
    server.start_session()


main()

客户端的实现


import json
import threading
from socket import *

is_login = False
is_broadcast = True


class ClientReceiveThread(threading.Thread):
    __buf = 1024

    def __init__(self, cs):
        super(ClientReceiveThread, self).__init__()
        self.__cs = cs

    def run(self):
        self.receive_msg()

    def receive_msg(self):
        while True:
            msg = self.__cs.recv(self.__buf).decode('utf-8')
            if not msg:
                break
            js = json.loads(msg)
            if js['type'] == "login":
                if js['success']:
                    global is_login
                    is_login = True
                print(js['msg'])
            elif js['type'] == "ignore":
                if js['success']:
                    global is_broadcast
                    if is_broadcast:
                        is_broadcast = False
                    else:
                        is_broadcast = True
                print(js['msg'])
            else:
                if not is_broadcast:
                    print("[现在处于屏蔽模式]")
                print(js['msg'])


class ClientSendMsgThread(threading.Thread):

    def __init__(self, cs):
        super(ClientSendMsgThread, self).__init__()
        self.__cs = cs

    def run(self):
        self.send_msg()

    # 根据不同的输入格式来进行不同的聊天方式
    def send_msg(self):
        while True:
            js = None
            msg = input()
            if not is_login:
                js = json.dumps({
                    'type': 'login',
                    'msg': msg
                })
            elif msg[0] == "@":
                data = msg.split(' ')
                if not data:
                    print("请重新输入")
                    break
                nickname = data[0]
                nickname = nickname.strip("@")
                if len(data) == 1:
                    data.append(" ")
                js = json.dumps({
                    'type': 'sendto',
                    'nickname': nickname,
                    'msg': data[1]
                })
            elif msg == "/help":
                js = json.dumps({
                    'type': 'help',
                    'msg': None
                })
            elif msg == "/ls":
                js = json.dumps({
                    'type': 'ls',
                    'msg': None
                })
            elif msg == "/i":
                js = json.dumps({
                    'type': 'ignore',
                    'msg': None
                })
            else:
                if msg[0] != '/':
                    js = json.dumps({
                        'type': 'broadcast',
                        'msg': msg
                    })
            if js is not None:
                self.__cs.sendall(bytes(js, 'utf-8'))


def main():
    buf = 1024
    # 改变这个的地址,变成服务器的地址,那么只要部署到服务器上就可以全网使用了
    address = ("127.0.0.1", 12231)
    cs = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)
    cs.connect(address)
    data = cs.recv(buf).decode("utf-8")
    if data:
        print(data)
    receive_thread = ClientReceiveThread(cs)
    receive_thread.start()
    send_thread = ClientSendMsgThread(cs)
    send_thread.start()
    while True:
        pass


main()

通过上述步骤，一个简单的聊天室即构建完成。