Python自动整理文件脚本及打包为EXE教程
发布时间：2026-10-14| 5人浏览过
本文介绍使用Python编写自动整理文件脚本的方法，支持按后缀名对图片、视频、文档等进行分类归档。针对无Python环境的用户，详细讲解了如何利用PyInstaller将脚本打包为独立的EXE可执行文件，实现跨平台分享与使用，并包含完整的代码示例与操作命令。
前言
由于日常工作繁忙，文档和资料往往随手丢弃在桌面上，导致桌面杂乱无章，几乎占满屏幕。为解决这一效率问题，我决定利用Python编写一个自动整理脚本，以替代耗时费力的手动分类操作。
示例
import os
import glob
import shutil
'''
@Author: huny
@date: 2020.12.06
@function: 桌面整理
'''
class FileType():
def __init__(self):
self.filetype = {
"图片": [".jpeg", ".jpg", ".tiff", ".gif", ".bmp", ".png", ".bpg", "svg", ".heif", ".psd"],
"视频": [".avi", ".flv", ".wmv", ".mov", ".mp4", ".webm", ".vob", ".mng", ".qt", ".mpg", ".mpeg", ".3gp", ".mkv"],
"音频": [".aac", ".aa", ".aac", ".dvf", ".m4a", ".m4b", ".m4p", ".mp3", ".msv", ".ogg", ".oga", ".raw", ".vox", ".wav", ".wma"],
"文档": [".oxps", ".epub", ".pages", ".docx", ".doc", ".fdf", ".ods", ".odt", ".pwi", ".xsn", ".xps", ".dotx", ".docm", ".dox",
".rvg", ".rtf", ".rtfd", ".wpd", ".xls", ".xlsx", ".ppt", ".pptx", ".csv", ".pdf", ".md",".xmind"],
"压缩文件": [".a", ".ar", ".cpio", ".iso", ".tar", ".gz", ".rz", ".7z", ".dmg", ".rar", ".xar", ".zip"],
"文本": [".txt", ".in", ".out",".json",".xml",".log"],
"程序脚本": [".py", ".html5", ".html", ".htm", ".xhtml",s".c", ".cpp", ".java", ".css",".sql"],
"可执行程序": [".exe",".bat", ".lnk"],
"字体文件": [".ttf", ".OTF", ".WOFF", ".EOT"]
}
def JudgeFile(self, pathname):
for name, type in self.filetype.items():
if pathname in type:
return name
return "无法判断类型文件"
class DeskTopOrg(object):
def __init__(self):
self.filetype = FileType()
def Organization(self):
filepath = os.path.join(os.path.expanduser('~'),"Desktop")
paths = glob.glob(filepath + "/*.*")
# print('paths-->',paths)
for path in paths:
try:
if not os.path.isdir(path):
file = os.path.splitext(path)
filename,type = file
# print('type-->',type)
# print("filename-->",filename)
print('path-->',path)
dir_path = os.path.dirname(path)
# print('dir_path-->',dir_path)
savePath = dir_path + '/{}'.format(self.filetype.JudgeFile(type))
print('savePath-->',savePath)
if not os.path.exists(savePath):
os.mkdir(savePath)
shutil.move(path, savePath)
else:
shutil.move(path, savePath)
except FileNotFoundError:
pass
# print("程序执行结束！")
if __name__ == '__main__':
try:
while True:
desktopOrg = DeskTopOrg()
desktopOrg.Organization()
print("---->你的桌面已经整理完成。")
a = input('---->请按回车键退出:')
if a == '':
break
except BaseException:
print("ERROE:路径错误或有重复的文档")运行脚本后，桌面文件已按类型归档，整体视觉清爽。需注意，该基础脚本主要依据文件后缀名进行分类处理。
进阶
在基础功能之上，我进一步优化了脚本逻辑，使其支持对任意指定路径下的文件进行整理，而不仅限于桌面。
import os
import glob
import shutil
'''
@Author: huny
@date: 2020.12.06
@function: 文件整理
'''
class FileType():
def __init__(self):
self.filetype = {
"图片": [".jpeg", ".jpg", ".tiff", ".gif", ".bmp", ".png", ".bpg", "svg", ".heif", ".psd"],
"视频": [".avi", ".flv", ".wmv", ".mov", ".mp4", ".webm", ".vob", ".mng", ".qt", ".mpg", ".mpeg", ".3gp", ".mkv"],
"音频": [".aac", ".aa", ".aac", ".dvf", ".m4a", ".m4b", ".m4p", ".mp3", ".msv", ".ogg", ".oga", ".raw", ".vox", ".wav", ".wma"],
"文档": [".oxps", ".epub", ".pages", ".docx", ".doc", ".fdf", ".ods", ".odt", ".pwi", ".xsn", ".xps", ".dotx", ".docm", ".dox",
".rvg", ".rtf", ".rtfd", ".wpd", ".xls", ".xlsx", ".ppt", ".pptx", ".csv", ".pdf", ".md",".xmind"],
"压缩文件": [".a", ".ar", ".cpio", ".iso", ".tar", ".gz", ".rz", ".7z", ".dmg", ".rar", ".xar", ".zip"],
"文本": [".txt", ".in", ".out", ".json","xml",".log"],
"程序脚本": [".py", ".html5", ".html", ".htm", ".xhtml", ".c", ".cpp", ".java", ".css",".sql"],
"可执行程序": [".exe",".bat",".lnk"],
"字体文件": [".ttf", ".OTF", ".WOFF", ".EOT"]
}
def JudgeFile(self, pathname):
for name, type in self.filetype.items():
if pathname in type:
return name
return "无法判断类型文件"
class DeskTopOrg(object):
def __init__(self):
self.filetype = FileType()
def Organization(self):
filepath = input("请输入需要整理的文件夹路径： ")
paths = glob.glob(filepath + "/*.*")
print('paths-->',paths)
for path in paths:
try:
if not os.path.isdir(path):
file = os.path.splitext(path)
filename,type = file
print('type-->',type)
print("filename-->",filename)
print('path-->',path)
dir_path = os.path.dirname(path)
print('dir_path-->',dir_path)
savePath = dir_path + '/{}'.format(self.filetype.JudgeFile(type))
print('savePath-->',savePath)
if not os.path.exists(savePath):
os.mkdir(savePath)
shutil.move(path, savePath)
else:
shutil.move(path, savePath)
except FileNotFoundError:
pass
print("程序执行结束！")
if __name__ == '__main__':
try:
while True:
desktopOrg = DeskTopOrg()
desktopOrg.Organization()
print("---->你的文件已经整理完成。")
a = input('---->请按回车键退出:')
if a == '':
break
except BaseException:
print("ERROE:路径错误或有重复的文档")通过修改配置，用户可以自由指定需要整理的具体文件夹路径，实现灵活的批量归档。
后续
考虑到部分同事缺乏Python运行环境，为了方便分享和使用，我将Python脚本打包成了独立的EXE可执行文件。
安装pyinstaller
pip install pyinstaller
执行打包命令
#在程序脚本的路径执行以下命令
pyinstaller -F ***.py 打包完成后，会在dist目录下生成对应的EXE文件。将该文件单独发送给同事即可直接使用，无需安装Python环境。
在分发前，请务必自行测试脚本功能，确保路径处理及文件移动逻辑符合预期。
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