Python使用Selenium模拟登录B站及验证码处理示例

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.common.action_chains import ActionChains
from selenium.common.exceptions import TimeoutException
from PIL import Image
from io import BytesIO
from time import sleep
import random

"""
info:
author:CriseLYJ
github:https://github.com/CriseLYJ/
update_time:2019-3-7
"""


class BiliBili():
  """
  登陆B站, 处理验证码
  电脑的缩放比例需要为100%, 否则验证码图片的获取会出现问题
  """

  def __init__(self, username, password):
    """
    初始化
    """
    options = webdriver.ChromeOptions()
    # 设置为开发者模式，避免被识别
    options.add_experimental_option('excludeSwitches',
                    ['enable-automation'])
    self.browser = webdriver.Chrome(options=options)
    self.url = 'https://passport.bilibili.com/login'
    self.browser.get(self.url)
    self.wait = WebDriverWait(self.browser, 5, 0.2)
    self.username = username
    self.password = password

  def get_button(self):
    """
    获取滑动块, 并且返回
    :return: button
    """
    button = self.wait.until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.CLASS_NAME, 'gt_slider_knob')))
    return button

  def get_screenshot(self, button):
    """
    获取网页两次截图:
      1. 鼠标悬停于button的截图
      2. 鼠标点击button后的截图
    :param button: 滑动块
    :return: 两次截图的结果
    """
    ActionChains(self.browser).move_to_element(button).perform()
    screenshot1 = self.browser.get_screenshot_as_png()
    screenshot1 = Image.open(BytesIO(screenshot1))
    ActionChains(self.browser).click_and_hold(button).perform()
    screenshot2 = self.browser.get_screenshot_as_png()
    screenshot2 = Image.open(BytesIO(screenshot2))
    return (screenshot1, screenshot2)

  def get_position(self, button):
    """
    获取验证码图片的位置
    :return: 位置的四个点参数
    """
    ActionChains(self.browser).move_to_element(button).perform()
    img = self.wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.CLASS_NAME, 'gt_box')))
    sleep(2)
    location = img.location
    size = img.size
    print(location, size)
    top, bottom, left, right = location['y'], location['y'] + size['height'], location['x'], \
                  location['x'] + size['width']
    return top, bottom, left, right

  def get_geetest_image(self, button, name1='captcha1.png', name2='captcha2.png'):
    """
    获取两次验证码的截图:
      1. 鼠标悬停于button的截图
      2. 鼠标点击button后的截图
    :param button: 滑动块
    :param name1: 原始验证码保存的名字
    :param name2: 缺块验证码保存的名字
    :return: 两次验证码截图的结果
    """
    top, bottom, left, right = self.get_position(button)
    print('验证码位置', top, bottom, left, right)
    screenshot = self.get_screenshot(button)
    captcha1 = screenshot[0].crop((left, top, right, bottom))
    captcha1.save(name1)
    captcha2 = screenshot[1].crop((left, top, right, bottom))
    captcha2.save(name2)
    return (captcha1, captcha2)

  def login(self):
    """
    打开浏览器,并且输入账号密码
    :return: None
    """
    self.browser.get(self.url)
    username = self.wait.until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.ID, 'login-username')))
    password = self.wait.until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.ID, 'login-passwd')))
    sleep(1)
    username.send_keys(self.username)
    sleep(1)
    password.send_keys(self.password)

  def is_pixel_equal(self, img1, img2, x, y):
    """
    判断两个像素是否相同
    :param img1: 原始验证码
    :param img2: 缺块验证码
    :param x: 像素点的x坐标
    :param y: 像素点的y坐标
    :return: 像素是否相同
    """
    pixel1 = img1.load()[x-1, y]
    pixel2 = img2.load()[x-1, y]
    threshold = 100
    if abs(pixel1[0] - pixel2[0]) < threshold and abs(pixel1[1] - pixel2[1]) < threshold and abs(
        pixel1[2] - pixel2[2]) < threshold:
      return True
    else:
      return False

  def get_gap(self, img1, img2):
    """
    获取缺口偏移量
    :param img1: 原始验证码
    :param img2: 缺块验证码
    :return: 第二个缺块的左侧的x坐标
    """
    left = 60 # 大致忽略掉第一个缺块
    for i in range(left, img1.size[0]):
      for j in range(img1.size[1]):
        if not self.is_pixel_equal(img1, img2, i, j):
          left = i
          return left
    return left

  def get_track(self, distance):
    """
    获取滑块移动轨迹的列表
    :param distance: 第二个缺块的左侧的x坐标
    :return: 滑块移动轨迹列表
    """
    track = []
    current = 0
    mid = distance * 2 / 3
    t = 0.2
    v = 0
    distance += 10 # 使滑块划过目标地点, 然后回退
    while current < distance:
      if current < mid:
        a = random.randint(1, 3)
      else:
        a = -random.randint(3, 5)
      v0 = v
      v = v0 + a * t
      move = v0 * t + 0.5 * a * t * t
      current += move
      track.append(round(move))
    for i in range(2):
      track.append(-random.randint(2, 3))
    for i in range(2):
      track.append(-random.randint(1, 4))
    print(track)
    return track

  def move_button(self, button, track):
    """
    将滑块拖动到指定位置
    :param button: 滑动块
    :param track: 滑块运动轨迹列表
    :return: None
    """
    ActionChains(self.browser).click_and_hold(button).perform()
    for i in track:
      ActionChains(self.browser).move_by_offset(xoffset=i, yoffset=0).perform()
      sleep(0.0005)
    sleep(0.5)
    ActionChains(self.browser).release().perform()

  def crack(self):
    """
    串接整个流程:
      1. 输入账号密码
      2. 获取滑动块
      3. 获取两张验证码图片
      4. 获取滑块移动轨迹
      5. 将滑块拖动至指定位置
    :return:
    """
    self.login()
    button = self.get_button()
    captcha = self.get_geetest_image(button)
    left = self.get_gap(captcha[0], captcha[1])
    print(left)
    track = self.get_track(left)
    # 如果尝试登陆失败, 则重新验证, 最多三次
    times = 0
    while times < 3:
      self.move_button(button, track)
      try:
        success = self.wait.until(EC.text_to_be_present_in_element((By.CLASS_NAME, 'gt_info_type'), '验证通过:'))
        print(success)
      except TimeoutException as e:
        times += 1
        print('fail')
      else:
        print('success')
        return None


if __name__ == '__main__':
  ACCOUNT = input('请输入您的账号:')
  PASSWORD = input('请输入您的密码:')

  test = BiliBili(ACCOUNT, PASSWORD) # 输入账号和密码
  test.crack()