Python类与对象核心用法：从定义到继承详解

#!/usr/bin/python
# Filename: simplestclass.py
class Person:
  pass # An empty block
p = Person()
print p

#!/usr/bin/python
# Filename: class_init.py
class Person:
  def __init__(self, name):
    self.name = name
  def sayHi(self):
    print 'Hello, my name is', self.name
p = Person('Swaroop')
p.sayHi()

#!/usr/bin/python
# Filename: objvar.py
class Person:
  '''Represents a person.'''
  population = 0
  def __init__(self, name):
    '''Initializes the person's data.'''
    self.name = name
    print '(Initializing %s)' % self.name
    # When this person is created, he/she
    # adds to the population
    Person.population += 1
  def __del__(self):
    '''I am dying.'''
    print '%s says bye.' % self.name
    Person.population -= 1
    if Person.population == 0:
      print 'I am the last one.'
    else:
      print 'There are still %d people left.' % Person.population
  def sayHi(self):
    '''Greeting by the person.
    Really, that's all it does.'''
    print 'Hi, my name is %s.' % self.name
  def howMany(self):
    '''Prints the current population.'''
    if Person.population == 1:
      print 'There is nobody here.'
    else:
      print 'We have %d persons here.' % Person.population
swaroop = Person('Swaroop')
swaroop.sayHi()
swaroop.howMany()
kalam = Person('Abdul Kalam')
kalam.sayHi()
kalam.howMany()
swaroop.sayHi()
swaroop.howMany()

#!/usr/bin/python
# Filename: inherit.py
class SchoolMember:
  '''Represents any school member.'''
  def __init__(self, name, age):
    self.name = name
    self.age = age
    print '(Initialized SchoolMember: %s)' % self.name
  def tell(self):
    '''Tell my details.'''
    print 'Name:"%s" Age:"%s"' % (self.name, self.age),
class Teacher(SchoolMember):
  '''Represents a teacher.'''
  def __init__(self, name, age, salary):
    SchoolMember.__init__(self, name, age)
    self.salary = salary
    print '(Initialized Teacher: %s)' % self.name
  def tell(self):
    SchoolMember.tell(self)
    print 'Salary: "%d"' % self.salary
class Student(SchoolMember):
  '''Represents a student.'''
  def __init__(self, name, age, marks):
    SchoolMember.__init__(self, name, age)
    self.marks = marks
    print '(Initialized Student: %s)' % self.name
  def tell(self):
    SchoolMember.tell(self)
    print 'Marks: "%d"' % self.marks
t = Teacher('Mrs. Shrividya', 40, 30000)
s = Student('Swaroop', 22, 75)
print # prints a blank line
members = [t, s]
for member in members:
  member.tell() # works for both Teachers and Students