Python使用pexpect库连接Linux并执行命令的完整示例
发布时间：2026-10-13| 6人浏览过
本文详细解析如何使用Python的pexpect库建立SSH连接至Linux服务器并执行远程命令。通过封装spawn、expect及sendcr等核心方法，实现自动处理密码输入与命令回显。代码包含完整的登录校验逻辑及文件列表查询示例，适用于需要自动化交互Linux环境的运维场景。
Python连接Linux命令行实现原理
本文主要介绍利用Python脚本连接Linux命令行环境的具体实现方法。文中提供了详细的代码示例，内容涵盖连接建立、身份验证及命令执行全过程，对从事系统运维或自动化开发的读者具有较高的参考价值。
具体实现代码如下所示：
核心代码与执行逻辑
#!/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
'''https://www.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/linux/l-cn-pexpect2/index.html'''
import pexpect
import types
username = "root"
ip = "192.168.***.***"
password = "****"
pex = pexpect.spawn('ssh %s@%s' % (username, ip))
def _check(pattern, timeout=120):
i = pex.expect(pattern, timeout=timeout)
return i
def sendcr(cmd):
if pex == None:
return 0
n = pex.send("%s\r" % cmd)
return n
def getexec(cmd):
child = pexpect.spawn(cmd)
child.expect(pexpect.EOF)
return child.before
if __name__ == '__main__':
checklist1 = [["(?i)Connection refused", False],
["(?i)Host key verification failed.", False],
["(?i)VENUSTECH AUDIT SYSTEM MA1000", True],
# ["(?i)#\[/]",True], # hpux
["(?i).+>", True], # windows
[".+[>$#]\s*$", True], # debian
["(?i)Last login", True],
["(?i)access denied", False],
["(?i)NT_STATUS_LOGON_FAILURE", False],
["(?i)are you sure you want to continue connecting", "yes"],
["(?i)authentication fail(?!ure)", False],
["(?i)connection closed by remote host", False],
["(?i)login failed", False],
["(?i)login incorrect", False],
["(?i)need to be root", False],
["(?i)no route to host", False],
["(?i)not found", False],
["(?i)Bad secrets", False],
["(?i)incorrect password", False],
["(?i)permission denied", False],
# ["(?i)terminal type",terminal_type],
["This private key will be ignored.", False],
["(?i)no route to host", False],
["(?i)press 'Enter' key to proceed", "\r"],
["(?i)Y/N", 'Y'],
[pexpect.EOF, False],
[pexpect.TIMEOUT, False],
["(?i)Enter passphrase for key .*:", password],
["(?i)assword", password],
["(?i)passwd", password],
["(?i)sername", username],
["(?i)(?<!sful )login", username],
["(?i)----------------------------------------------------------------", True]]
checklist2 = [i[0] for i in checklist1]
while True:
i = _check(checklist2)
print i, checklist1[i], checklist1[i][1]
if (type(checklist1[i][1]) is types.BooleanType):
if type(checklist1[i][1]):
break
else:
sendcr(checklist1[i][1])
cmd = "ls -l /etc/rsyslog.conf"
result = getexec(cmd)
print "result", result运行脚本后，控制台将输出以下执行结果：
26 ['(?i)assword', '***'] ***
5 ['(?i)Last login', True] True
result -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 3167 Mar 13 11:24 /etc/rsyslog.conf以上就是本文的全部内容，希望对大家的学习有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持本站。
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