Django集成xadmin与Djcelery实现后台定时任务管理
本文介绍如何在Django项目中结合xadmin与Djcelery模块实现后台定时任务管理。详细涵盖Redis与Celery组件的安装、settings.py配置、数据库表注册、Celery应用初始化及任务代码编写。通过flower监控与supervisor进程管理,实现任务的可视化配置、执行状态查看及后台稳定运行。
接续前文关于中间表数据动态性的讨论,为确保图表展示数据的准确性,本文引入Djcelery模块。以下是该模块的安装与配置具体步骤:
1. 安装依赖
redis==2.10.6
celery==3.1.23
django-celery==3.1.17
flower==0.9.2
supervisor==3.3.4
其中,flower用于监控定时任务的运行状态,supervisor用于管理进程,这两者可根据实际需求选择是否安装。
2. 配置Django设置
在settings.py文件中添加以下配置代码:
#最顶头加上 from __future__ import absolute_import # celery settings import djcelery djcelery.setup_loader() BROKER_URL = 'redis://localhost:6379' # BROKER_URL = 'redis://:密码@主机地址:端口号/数据库号' CELERYBEAT_SCHEDULER = 'djcelery.schedulers.DatabaseScheduler' # 定时任务 CELERY_RESULT_BACKEND = 'djcelery.backends.database:DatabaseBackend' CELERY_RESULT_BACKEND = 'redis://localhost:6379' CELERY_ACCEPT_CONTENT = ['application/json'] CELERY_TASK_SERIALIZER = 'json' CELERY_RESULT_SERIALIZER = 'json' CELERYD_MAX_TASKS_PER_CHILD = 40 CELERY_TIMEZONE = 'Asia/Shanghai' INSTALLED_APPS = [ 'djcelery',# 添加djcelery ]
3. 注册定时任务相关数据库表
from __future__ import absolute_import, unicode_literals from djcelery.models import ( TaskState, WorkerState, PeriodicTask, IntervalSchedule, CrontabSchedule, ) from xadmin.sites import site site.register(IntervalSchedule) # 存储循环任务设置的时间 site.register(CrontabSchedule) # 存储定时任务设置的时间 site.register(PeriodicTask) # 存储任务 site.register(TaskState) # 存储任务执行状态 site.register(WorkerState) # 存储执行任务的worker
4. 在主应用目录下创建celery.py文件
同时修改__init__.py文件,内容如下:

# __init__.py
from __future__ import absolute_import
from .celery import app as celery_app
# celery.py
from __future__ import absolute_import
import os
from celery import Celery, platforms
from django.conf import settings
# set the default Django settings module for the 'celery' program.
os.environ.setdefault('DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE', 'hermes.settings')
# hermes主应用名
app = Celery('hermes')
platforms.C_FORCE_ROOT = True
app.config_from_object('django.conf:settings')
app.autodiscover_tasks(lambda: settings.INSTALLED_APPS)
@app.task(bind=True)
def debug_task(self):
print('Request: {0!r}'.format(self.request))
5. 在应用目录下添加tasks.py文件以定义具体任务

from __future__ import absolute_import
from celery import task
import time
from .channels import Cache_data_to_redis
# 更新指定日期数据到sms_organizationcount
@task
def readAndWrite(begin,end):
begin = str(begin)[:4] + '-' + str(begin)[4:6] + '-' + str(begin)[6:8]
end = str(end)[:4] + '-' + str(end)[4:6] + '-' + str(end)[6:8]
i = 0
begin_time = time.time()
read = Cache_data_to_redis().connection
Rcursor = read.cursor()
query = "SELECT id from sms_organizationcount WHERE alia_date_time between '"
query += begin
query += "' and '"
query += end
query += "'"
readSql = "SELECT alia_month_time, alia_date_time, count(*) as total_nums, count(t.`status`=2 or null) as error_nums, name FROM \
(select *, DATE_FORMAT(req_time,'%Y-%m') as alia_month_time, DATE_FORMAT(req_time,'%Y-%m-%d') as alia_date_time, \
LEFT(body,LOCATE('】',body)) as name from sms_smslog where LOCATE('】',body) >0 \
and LEFT(body,1)='【' and DATE_FORMAT(req_time,'%Y-%m-%d') between '"
readSql += begin
readSql += "' and '"
readSql += end
readSql += "')"
readSql += " as t GROUP BY alia_date_time , name;"
Rcursor.execute(readSql)
readResult = Rcursor.fetchall()
Rcursor.execute(query)
query_result = Rcursor.fetchall()
deleteSql = "delete from sms_organizationcount where alia_date_time between '%s' and '%s'" % (begin,end)
if query_result:
delete_record = Cache_data_to_redis().connection
Dcursor = delete_record.cursor()
Dcursor.execute(deleteSql)
delete_record.commit()
delete_record.close()
for value in readResult:
write = Cache_data_to_redis().connection
Wcursor = write.cursor()
writeSql = "INSERT into sms_organizationcount (alia_month_time, alia_date_time, total_nums, error_nums, `name`) " \
" VALUES ('%s', '%s', '%s', '%s', '%s' )" %\
(value['alia_month_time'], value['alia_date_time'], value['total_nums'], value['error_nums'], value['name'])
try:
Wcursor.execute(writeSql)
i += 1
write.commit()
except:
write.rollback()
write.close()
read.close()
end_time = time.time()
pass_time = end_time - begin_time
return i, pass_time
6. 最终配置效果如下图所示:



7. 在终端中启动Celery的命令如下:
# 查看注册的task celery -A hermes inspect registered # 启动 python manage.py celery -A django_celery_demo worker -B # django_celery_demo为celery和setting所在文件夹名 #celery_beat起不来 # 动态的输出启动进程时的输出 supervisorctl tail programname stdout # flower监控celery python manage.py celery flower ip:5555
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