Django实现组合搜索的两种方法详解
发布时间：2026-10-13| 4人浏览过
本文介绍Django中实现组合搜索的两种主要方式：纯模板语言判断与自定义SimpleTag。通过解析URL路由参数构建查询字典，支持动态数据库字段与静态枚举字段两种场景。详细展示了views处理逻辑、模板渲染及自定义标签定义，帮助开发者灵活实现前端筛选与后端数据过滤的联动。
一、实现方法
1.纯模板语言实现
2.自定义simpletag实现（本质是简化了纯模板语言的判断）
二、基本原理
其核心机制依赖于Django的路由系统。系统根据URL中匹配到的筛选条件，将这些条件转化为数据库查询参数，最终将查询结果返回至前端页面。
例如：路由系统中的url格式是这样：
url(r'^article-(?P<article_type_id>\d+)-(?P<category_id>\d+).html',views.filter)
其中article_type_id和category_id和数据库中字段是相对应的，此时当一个url为article-1-2.html时候，后台处理函数的参数将是一个字典{'article_type_id': 1, 'category_id': 1}，然后将该条件作为数据库查询条件，最后得出结果返回给前端
三、代码样例
方法1：纯模板语言实现
urls.py
#!/usr/bin/env python3 #_*_ coding:utf-8 _*_ #Author:wd from django.conf.urls import url from . import views urlpatterns = [ url(r'^$',views.index), url(r'^article-(?P<article_type_id>\d+)-(?P<category_id>\d+).html',views.filter), ]
models.py
from django.db import models class Category(models.Model): caption=models.CharField(max_length=64) class Article_type(models.Model): caption=models.CharField(max_length=64) class Article(models.Model): title=models.CharField(max_length=64) content=models.CharField(max_length=256) category=models.ForeignKey(to='Category') article_type=models.ForeignKey(to='Article_type'
views.py
def filter(request,*args,**kwargs):
if request.method=="GET":
condition={}
for k,v in kwargs.items():
kwargs[k]=int(v) #模板if判断row.id是数字，所以这里需要转换
if v=="0":#当条件为0代表所选的是全部，那么就不必要加入到过滤条件中
pass
else:
condition[k]=int(v)
aritcle=models.Article.objects.filter(**condition)
aritcle_type=models.Article_type.objects.all()
aritcle_category=models.Category.objects.all()
return render(request,'search.html',{
'aritcle':aritcle,
'article_type':aritcle_type,
'article_category':aritcle_category,
'article_arg':kwargs,#将当前的筛选条件传递给html
})
html模板
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
<style>
.container a{
display: inline-block;
padding: 3px 5px;
margin: 5px;
border: 1px solid #dddddd ;
}
.active{
background-color: rebeccapurple;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>搜索条件</h1>
<div class="container">
{% if article_arg.article_type_id == 0 %}
<a class="active" href="/cmdb/article-0-{{ article_arg.category_id }}.html" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >全部</a>
{% else %}
<a href="/cmdb/article-0-{{ article_arg.category_id }}.html" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >全部</a>
{% endif %}
{% for row in article_type %}
{% if row.id == article_arg.article_type_id %}
<a class="active" href="/cmdb/article-{{ row.id }}-{{ article_arg.category_id }}.html" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >{{ row.caption }}</a>
{% else %}
<a href="/cmdb/article-{{ row.id }}-{{ article_arg.category_id }}.html" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >{{ row.caption }}</a>
{% endif %}
{% endfor %}
</div>
<div class="container">
{% if article_arg.category_id == 0 %}
<a class="active" href="/cmdb/article-{{ article_arg.article_type_id }}-0.html" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >全部</a>
{% else %}
<a href="/cmdb/article-{{ article_arg.article_type_id }}-0.html" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >全部</a>
{% endif %}
{% for row in article_category %}
{% if row.id == article_arg.category_id %}
<a class="active" href="/cmdb/article-{{ article_arg.article_type_id }}-{{ row.id }}.html" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >{{ row.caption }}</a>
{% else %}
<a href="/cmdb/article-{{ article_arg.article_type_id }}-{{ row.id }}.html" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >{{ row.caption }}</a>
{% endif %}
{% endfor %}
</div>
<h1>查询结果</h1>
<div>
{% for row in aritcle %}
<div>{{ row.id }}-{{ row.title }}</div>
{% endfor %}
</div>
</body>
</html>
方法二：使用simpletag实现
定义simpletag
myfilter.py
#!/usr/bin/env python3
#_*_ coding:utf-8 _*_
#Author:wd
from django import template
from django.utils.safestring import mark_safe
register=template.Library()
@register.simple_tag
def filter_all(article_arg,condition):
'''
处理条件为全部
:param article_arg: 当前url字典：如{'article_type_id': 1, 'category_id': 1}
:param condition: 要处理的条件，如article_type_id，用于区分当前处理选择了那个全部
:return: 返回下面页面形式
{% if article_arg.article_type_id == 0 %}
<a class="active" href="/cmdb/article-0-{{ article_arg.category_id }}.html" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >全部</a>
{% else %}
<a href="/cmdb/article-0-{{ article_arg.category_id }}.html" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >全部</a>
{% endif %}
{% for row in article_type %}
{% if row.id == article_arg.article_type_id %}
<a class="active" href="/cmdb/article-{{ row.id }}-{{ article_arg.category_id }}.html" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >{{ row.caption }}</a>
{% else %}
<a href="/cmdb/article-{{ row.id }}-{{ article_arg.category_id }}.html" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >{{ row.caption }}</a>
{% endif %}
{% endfor %}
'''
if condition=='article_type_id':
if article_arg[condition]==0:
print(article_arg['category_id'])
res= '<a class ="active" href="/cmdb/article-0-%s.html" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >全部</a>' % article_arg['category_id']
else:
res = '<a href="/cmdb/article-0-%s.html" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >全部</a>' % article_arg['category_id']
return mark_safe(res)
elif condition=='category_id':
if article_arg['category_id']==0:
res = '<a class ="active" href="/cmdb/article-%s-0.html" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >全部</a>' % article_arg['article_type_id']
else:
res = '<a href="/cmdb/article-%s-0.html" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >全部</a>' % article_arg['article_type_id']
return mark_safe(res)
@register.simple_tag
def filter_type(article_type,article_arg):
'''
:param article_type: article_type对象
:param article_arg: 当前url字典
:return:
{% for row in article_type %}
{% if row.id == article_arg.article_type_id %}
<a class="active" href="/cmdb/article-{{ row.id }}-{{ article_arg.category_id }}.html" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >{{ row.caption }}</a>
{% else %}
<a href="/cmdb/article-{{ row.id }}-{{ article_arg.category_id }}.html" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >{{ row.caption }}</a>
{% endif %}
{% endfor %}
'''
res=[]
for row in article_type:
if row.id== article_arg['article_type_id']:
temp='<a class="active" href="/cmdb/article-%s-%s.html" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >%s</a>' %(row.id,article_arg['category_id'],row.caption)
else:
temp = '<a href="/cmdb/article-%s-%s.html" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >%s</a>' % (row.id, article_arg['category_id'],row.caption)
res.append(temp)
return mark_safe("".join(res))
@register.simple_tag
def filter_category(article_category,article_arg):
'''
:param article_type: article_category对象
:param article_arg: 当前url字典
:return:
{% for row in article_category %}
{% if row.id == article_arg.category_id %}
<a class="active" href="/cmdb/article-{{ article_arg.article_type_id }}-{{ row.id }}.html" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >{{ row.caption }}</a>
{% else %}
<a href="/cmdb/article-{{ article_arg.article_type_id }}-{{ row.id }}.html" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >{{ row.caption }}</a>
{% endif %}
{% endfor %}
'''
res=[]
for row in article_category:
if row.id== article_arg['category_id']:
temp='<a class="active" href="/cmdb/article-%s-%s.html" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >%s</a>' %(article_arg['article_type_id'],row.id,row.caption)
else:
temp = '<a href="/cmdb/article-%s-%s.html" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >%s</a>' % (article_arg['article_type_id'],row.id,row.caption)
res.append(temp)
return mark_safe("".join(res))
html模板
{% load myfilter %}
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
<style>
.container a{
display: inline-block;
padding: 3px 5px;
margin: 5px;
border: 1px solid #dddddd ;
}
.active{
background-color: rebeccapurple;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>搜索条件</h1>
<div class="container">
{% filter_all article_arg 'article_type_id' %}
{% filter_type article_type article_arg %}
</div>
<div class="container">
{% filter_all article_arg 'category_id' %}
{% filter_category article_category article_arg %}
</div>
<h1>查询结果</h1>
<div>
{% for row in aritcle %}
<div>{{ row.id }}-{{ row.title }}</div>
{% endfor %}
</div>
</body>
</html>
ps附上简图：
四、其他变化
在如上的示例中，我们的过滤条件是从数据库中拿到，有时候我们定义的时候使用的是静态字段，此时组合搜索会稍微修改。
1.model定义
class Article(models.Model):
title=models.CharField(max_length=64)
content=models.CharField(max_length=256)
category=models.ForeignKey(to='Category')
article_type=( #使用静态字段放入内存
(1,'linux'),
(2,'python'),
(3,'go'),
)
2.处理函数变化
###获取#### aritcle_type=models.Article.article_type#直接获取类的静态字段
3.simpletag相应改变
###由于我们传递的元祖，所以取值使用元祖方式 article_type[0]# 筛选条件id article_type[1]# 筛选条件名称
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