Python获取本地IP地址的多种实现方案与标准库解析

import socket
socket.gethostbyname(socket.gethostname())

import socket
s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)
s.connect(("8.8.8.8", 80))
print(s.getsockname()[0])
s.close()

import socket
alias myip="python -c 'import socket; print([l for l in ([ip for ip in socket.gethostbyname_ex(socket.gethostname())[2] if not ip.startswith(\"127.\")][:1], [[(s.connect((\"8.8.8.8\", 53)), s.getsockname()[0], s.close()) for s in [socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)]][0][1]]) if l][0][0])'"
 
 
print([l for l in ([ip for ip in socket.gethostbyname_ex(socket.gethostname())[2] if not ip.startswith("127.")][:1], [[(s.connect(('8.8.8.8', 53)), s.getsockname()[0], s.close()) for s in [socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)]][0][1]]) if l][0][0])
 
 
print((([ip for ip in socket.gethostbyname_ex(socket.gethostname())[2] if not ip.startswith("127.")] or [[(s.connect(("8.8.8.8", 53)), s.getsockname()[0], s.close()) for s in [socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)]][0][1]]) + ["no IP found"])[0])
 
 
 
print([ip for ip in socket.gethostbyname_ex(socket.gethostname())[2] if not ip.startswith("127.")][:1])
 
 
print([(s.connect(('8.8.8.8', 53)), s.getsockname()[0], s.close()) for s in [socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)]][0][1])

import os
import socket
 
if os.name != "nt":
 import fcntl
 import struct
 
 def get_interface_ip(ifname):
 s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)
 return socket.inet_ntoa(fcntl.ioctl(s.fileno(), 0x8915, struct.pack('256s',
  ifname[:15]))[20:24])
 
def get_lan_ip():
 ip = socket.gethostbyname(socket.gethostname())
 if ip.startswith("127.") and os.name != "nt":
 interfaces = [
 "eth0",
 "eth1",
 "eth2",
 "wlan0",
 "wlan1",
 "wifi0",
 "ath0",
 "ath1",
 "ppp0",
 ]
 for ifname in interfaces:
 try:
 ip = get_interface_ip(ifname)
 break
 except IOError:
 pass
 return ip

>>> import socket, struct, fcntl
>>> sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
>>> sockfd = sock.fileno()
>>> SIOCGIFADDR = 0x8915
>>>
>>> def get_ip(iface = 'eth0'):
... ifreq = struct.pack('16sH14s', iface, socket.AF_INET, '\x00'*14)
... try:
... res = fcntl.ioctl(sockfd, SIOCGIFADDR, ifreq)
... except:
... return None
... ip = struct.unpack('16sH2x4s8x', res)[2]
... return socket.inet_ntoa(ip)
...
>>> get_ip('eth0')
'10.80.40.234'
>>>

def getIPAddresses():
 from ctypes import Structure, windll, sizeof
 from ctypes import POINTER, byref
 from ctypes import c_ulong, c_uint, c_ubyte, c_char
 MAX_ADAPTER_DESCRIPTION_LENGTH = 128
 MAX_ADAPTER_NAME_LENGTH = 256
 MAX_ADAPTER_ADDRESS_LENGTH = 8
 class IP_ADDR_STRING(Structure):
 pass
 LP_IP_ADDR_STRING = POINTER(IP_ADDR_STRING)
 IP_ADDR_STRING._fields_ = [
 ("next", LP_IP_ADDR_STRING),
 ("ipAddress", c_char * 16),
 ("ipMask", c_char * 16),
 ("context", c_ulong)]
 class IP_ADAPTER_INFO (Structure):
 pass
 LP_IP_ADAPTER_INFO = POINTER(IP_ADAPTER_INFO)
 IP_ADAPTER_INFO._fields_ = [
 ("next", LP_IP_ADAPTER_INFO),
 ("comboIndex", c_ulong),
 ("adapterName", c_char * (MAX_ADAPTER_NAME_LENGTH + 4)),
 ("description", c_char * (MAX_ADAPTER_DESCRIPTION_LENGTH + 4)),
 ("addressLength", c_uint),
 ("address", c_ubyte * MAX_ADAPTER_ADDRESS_LENGTH),
 ("index", c_ulong),
 ("type", c_uint),
 ("dhcpEnabled", c_uint),
 ("currentIpAddress", LP_IP_ADDR_STRING),
 ("ipAddressList", IP_ADDR_STRING),
 ("gatewayList", IP_ADDR_STRING),
 ("dhcpServer", IP_ADDR_STRING),
 ("haveWins", c_uint),
 ("primaryWinsServer", IP_ADDR_STRING),
 ("secondaryWinsServer", IP_ADDR_STRING),
 ("leaseObtained", c_ulong),
 ("leaseExpires", c_ulong)]
 GetAdaptersInfo = windll.iphlpapi.GetAdaptersInfo
 GetAdaptersInfo.restype = c_ulong
 GetAdaptersInfo.argtypes = [LP_IP_ADAPTER_INFO, POINTER(c_ulong)]
 adapterList = (IP_ADAPTER_INFO * 10)()
 buflen = c_ulong(sizeof(adapterList))
 rc = GetAdaptersInfo(byref(adapterList[0]), byref(buflen))
 if rc == 0:
 for a in adapterList:
 adNode = a.ipAddressList
 while True:
 ipAddr = adNode.ipAddress
 if ipAddr:
  yield ipAddr
 adNode = adNode.next
 if not adNode:
  break

import ifcfg
import json
 
for name, interface in ifcfg.interfaces().items():
 # do something with interface
 print interface['device']
 print interface['inet']
 print interface['inet6']
 print interface['netmask']
 print interface['broadcast']
 
default = ifcfg.default_interface()