Python Flask集成QQ邮箱发送邮件完整指南
本文详解如何在Python Flask项目中集成邮件发送功能,重点讲解QQ邮箱的SMTP配置参数(如SSL端口465、授权码)。通过flask_mail库实现同步与异步发送,并展示基于smtplib的离线发送类封装。包含完整的Config配置、EmailSender类代码及调用示例,适用于定时任务或离线接口场景。
Python Flask邮件发送示例概述
一、邮件发送示例
邮件发送示例
本部分提供基于Flask框架的flask_email及smtplib原生邮件发送示例,适用于需要在后台设置定时任务发送邮件,或提供离线接口执行邮件发送操作的场景。
Flask邮件配置参数详解
1.flask config配置
# QQ邮箱配置
MAIL_DEBUG = True # 开启debug,便于调试看信息
MAIL_SUPPRESS_SEND = False # 发送邮件,为True则不发送
MAIL_SERVER = 'smtp.qq.com' # 邮箱服务器
MAIL_PORT = 465 # 端口
MAIL_USE_SSL = True # 重要,qq邮箱需要使用SSL
MAIL_USE_TLS = False # 不需要使用TLS
MAIL_USERNAME = '@qq.com' # 填邮箱
MAIL_PASSWORD = '' # 填授权码
FLASK_MAIL_SENDER = '@qq.com' # 邮件发送方
FLASK_MAIL_SUBJECT_PREFIX = '' # 邮件标题
MAIL_DEFAULT_SENDER = '@qq.com' # 填邮箱,默认发送者
邮件发送核心代码实现
2.示例代码
import smtplib
import constant # 定义常量文件
from email.header import Header
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
constant.SMTP_SERVER = 'smtp.qq.com'
constant.PORT = 465
class EmailSender(object):
def __init__(self, subject, receivers, sender='ss@qq.com', password='123456', offline=False, html_body=None,
text_body=None, **kwargs):
self.subject = subject
self.receivers = receivers
self.sender = sender
self.password = password
if offline:
if html_body:
self.send_body = html_body
self._subtype = 'html'
elif text_body:
self.send_body = text_body
self._subtype = 'plain'
self.send_email_offline()
else:
from flask_mail import Mail
self.mail = Mail()
dic = dict(kwargs)
self.send_email(html_body, text_body, attachments=dic.get("attachments"), sync=dic.get("sync"))
def send_email_offline(self):
try:
message = MIMEText(self.send_body, self._subtype, 'utf-8')
message['From'] = self.sender
message['To'] = ','.join(self.receivers)
message['Subject'] = Header(self.subject, 'utf-8')
smtpObj = smtplib.SMTP_SSL(constant.SMTP_SERVER, constant.PORT)
smtpObj.login(self.sender, self.password)
smtpObj.sendmail(
self.sender, self.receivers, message.as_string())
smtpObj.quit()
except smtplib.SMTPException:
return "smtp服务器发送异常 >> 无法发送邮件"
except Exception as e:
return f"邮件发送失败 >> {e}"
def send_email(self, text_body, html_body, attachments=None, sync=False):
from threading import Thread
from flask import current_app
from flask_mail import Message
try:
msg = Message(self.subject, recipients=self.receivers)
msg.body = text_body
msg.html = html_body
if attachments:
for attachment in attachments:
msg.attach(*attachment)
if not sync:
self.mail.send(msg)
else:
Thread(target=self.send_async_email, args=(current_app._get_current_object(), msg)).start()
except Exception as e:
return f"邮件发送失败 >> {e}"
def send_async_email(self, app, msg):
with app.app_context():
try:
self.mail.send(msg)
except Exception as e:
print(f"邮件发送错误信息:{e}")
邮件发送调用方法
3.使用
err = EmailSender(subject='吃货询问', receivers=["123@qq.com", "1234@qq.cn"], text_body='吃了没呀?', offline=True)
if err:
print(err)
以上3点涵盖了Python发送邮件的核心知识点,感谢大家的学习和对本站的支持。
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