Python实现树状嵌套数据结构:从列表到字典的转换与封装
本文详解在Python中如何将扁平的列表或字典数据转换为树状嵌套结构。通过定义Node类封装节点属性,遍历原始数据建立父子关联,并递归生成嵌套字典。示例展示了从基础列表到复杂字典格式的完整实现过程,适用于需要层级展示的场景。
原始数据
原始数据结构分析
原始数据大致呈现为如下格式:
每条记录包含四个字段,分别代表当前节点名称、节点描述(用于存储必要的节点属性)、源节点(即最顶层的根节点)以及父节点(当前节点的直接上层节点)。
datas = [
["root", "根节点", "root", None],
["node1", "一级节点1", "root", "root"],
["node2", "一级节点2", "root", "root"],
["node11", "二级节点11", "root", "node1"],
["node12", "二级节点12", "root", "node1"],
["node21", "二级节点21", "root", "node2"],
["node22", "二级节点22", "root", "node2"],
]
节点类封装设计
节点类
首先抽象并封装一个节点类,用于统一处理节点信息。
class Node(object):
def __init__(self, name: str, desc, parent: str, children: list):
"""
初始化
:param name:
:param desc:
:param parent:
:param children:
"""
self.name = name
self.desc = desc
self.parent = parent
self.children = children
def get_nodes(self):
"""
获取该节点下的全部结构字典
"""
d = dict()
d['name'] = self.name
d['desc'] = self.desc
d['parent'] = self.parent
children = self.get_children()
if children:
d['children'] = [child.get_nodes() for child in children]
return d
def get_children(self):
"""
获取该节点下的全部节点对象
"""
return [n for n in nodes if n.parent == self.name]
def __repr__(self):
return self.name
数据转换与关系建立
接下来将原始数据转换为具体的节点对象实例。
nodes = list()
for data in datas:
node = Node(data[0], data[1], data[-1], [])
nodes.append(node)
随后为各个节点建立正确的父子联系,构建完整的树形结构。
for node in nodes:
children_names = [data[0] for data in datas if data[-1] == node.name]
children = [node for node in nodes if node.name in children_names]
node.children.extend(children)
测试与结果验证
进行功能测试。
root = nodes[0]
print(root)
tree = root.get_nodes()
print(json.dumps(tree, indent=4))
运行结果如下:

字典格式数据的处理
原始数据也可以采用字典格式进行存储和处理。
### fork_tool.py
import json
class Node(object):
def __init__(self, **kwargs):
"""
初始化
:param nodes: 树的全部节点对象
:param kwargs: 当前节点参数
"""
self.forked_id = kwargs.get("forked_id")
self.max_drawdown = kwargs.get("max_drawdown")
self.annualized_returns = kwargs.get("annualized_returns")
self.create_time = kwargs.get("create_time")
self.desc = kwargs.get("desc")
self.origin = kwargs.get("origin")
self.parent = kwargs.get("parent")
self.children = kwargs.get("children", [])
def get_nodes(self, nodes):
"""
获取该节点下的全部结构字典,即建立树状联系
"""
d = dict()
d['forked_id'] = self.forked_id
d['max_drawdown'] = self.max_drawdown
d['annualized_returns'] = self.annualized_returns
d['create_time'] = self.create_time
d['desc'] = self.desc
d['origin'] = self.origin
d['parent'] = self.parent
children = self.get_children(nodes)
if children:
d['children'] = [child.get_nodes(nodes) for child in children]
return d
def get_children(self, nodes):
"""
获取该节点下的全部节点对象
"""
return [n for n in nodes if n.parent == self.forked_id]
# def __repr__(self):
# return str(self.desc)
def process_datas(datas):
"""
处理原始数据
:param datas:
:return:
"""
# forked_infos.append({"forked_id": str(forked_strategy.get("_id")),
# "max_drawdown": max_drawdown,
# "annualized_returns": annualized_returns,
# "create_time": create_time, # 分支创建时间
# "desc": desc,
# "origin": origin,
# "parent": parent,
# "children": [],
# })
nodes = []
# 构建节点列表集
for data in datas:
node = Node(**data)
nodes.append(node)
# 为各个节点对象建立类 nosql 结构的联系
for node in nodes:
children_ids = [data["forked_id"] for data in datas if data["parent"] == node.forked_id]
children = [node for node in nodes if node.forked_id in children_ids]
node.children.extend(children)
return nodes
test_datas = [
{'annualized_returns': 0.01,
'children': [],
'create_time': 1562038393,
'desc': 'root',
'forked_id': '5d1ad079e86117f3883f361e',
'max_drawdown': 0.01,
'origin': None,
'parent': None},
{'annualized_returns': 0.314,
'children': [],
'create_time': 1562060612,
'desc': 'level1',
'forked_id': '5d1b2744b264566d3f3f3632',
'max_drawdown': 0.2,
'origin': '5d1ad079e86117f3883f361e',
'parent': '5d1ad079e86117f3883f361e'},
{'annualized_returns': 0.12,
'children': [],
'create_time': 1562060613,
'desc': 'level11',
'forked_id': '5d1b2745e86117f3883f3632',
'max_drawdown': None,
'origin': '5d1ad079e86117f3883f361e',
'parent': '5d1b2744b264566d3f3f3632'},
{'annualized_returns': 0.09,
'children': [],
'create_time': 1562060614,
'desc': 'level12',
'forked_id': '5d1b2746b264566d3f3f3633',
'max_drawdown': None,
'origin': '5d1ad079e86117f3883f361e',
'parent': '5d1b2744b264566d3f3f3632'},
{'annualized_returns': None,
'children': [],
'create_time': 1562060614,
'desc': 'level2',
'forked_id': '5d1b2746e86117f3883f3633',
'max_drawdown': None,
'origin': '5d1ad079e86117f3883f361e',
'parent': '5d1ad079e86117f3883f361e'},
{'annualized_returns': None,
'children': [],
'create_time': 1562060627,
'desc': 'level21',
'forked_id': '5d1b2753b264566d3f3f3635',
'max_drawdown': None,
'origin': '5d1ad079e86117f3883f361e',
'parent': '5d1b2746e86117f3883f3633'},
{'annualized_returns': None,
'children': [],
'create_time': 1562060628,
'desc': 'level211',
'forked_id': '5d1b2754b264566d3f3f3637',
'max_drawdown': None,
'origin': '5d1ad079e86117f3883f361e',
'parent': '5d1b2753b264566d3f3f3635'},
{'annualized_returns': None,
'children': [],
'create_time': 1562060640,
'desc': 'level212',
'forked_id': '5d1b2760e86117f3883f3634',
'max_drawdown': None,
'origin': '5d1ad079e86117f3883f361e',
'parent': '5d1b2753b264566d3f3f3635'},
]
if __name__ == "__main__":
nodes = process_datas(test_datas)
info = nodes[0].get_nodes(nodes)
print(json.dumps(info, indent=4))
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